Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Water is not reabsorbed in

  1. proximal convoluted tubule

  2. descending limb of loop of Henle

  3. ascending limb of loop of Henle

  4. distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Water is not reabsorbed in ascending limb of loop of Henle.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect about nephrons?

  1. Tubular re-absorption does not occur in the nephron.

  2. The loop of Henle in nephron has a descending limb and an ascending limb.

  3. Nephrons are long tubular structures with a cup-shaped Bowman’s capsule.

  4. The amount of urine formed varies at different times.

  5. It has blood capillaries called glomeruli.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tubular re-absorption of useful materials does occur in the long, tubular part of nephron.

Multiple choice

In which of the following cases is dialysis required for a person?

  1. If a kidney stone is there.

  2. If a person suffers from a heart attack.

  3. If one kidney is not functioning properly.

  4. If a person is bitten by a viper snake.

  5. If ultrafiltration does not happen in the kidney.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Even if one kidney is functioning, it can do ultrafiltration.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

  1. Urethra: Narrow tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

  2. Nephron: Structural and functional unit of the kidney

  3. Bowman’s Capsule: A cup-like sac that surrounds the glomerulus at the beginning of the nephron

  4. Loop of Henle: A U-shaped tubular structure that extends into the medulla of a nephron

  5. Renal cortex: Outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urethra: Duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body Ureter:  The tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the human kidneys is true?

  1. The renal cortex lies inside the medulla.

  2. The left kidney lies lower than the right kidney.

  3. The renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

  4. The link between the kidneys and the bladder is the urethra.

  5. The renal cortex contains selected glomeruli.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both kidneys receive an arterial supply directly from the aorta, and the renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding water balance and the kidney is correct?

  1. Aquaporin is the main hormone regulating water reabsorption.

  2. The key hormone regulating water reabsorption is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

  3. The vasa recta is the same structure as the loop of Henle.

  4. There is no limit to how much the body can concentrate urine.

  5. There are osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

There are osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, which detect an increase in plasma osmolality. In response to input from these receptors and other stimuli, cells in the posterior pituitary gland release ADH.

Multiple choice

Nephron is a structural and functional unit of kidney. Which of the following statements characterises the excretion of acid by the mammalian nephron?

  1. Acid can be excreted as NH4+ ions.

  2. Acid excretion mainly occurs in the early nephron.

  3. In the distal nephron, secreted hydrogen ions mainly contribute to bicarbonate reabsorption.

  4. Sodium phosphate is a urinary base.

  5. Human urine is usually alkaline in nature.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When hydrogen ions are secreted by the tubules, they can combine with NH3 to form NH4+ and so can be excreted as NH4+.

Multiple choice biology food components and nutrition water as nutrient basics of water pollution sources of water

When a litre of water is introduced in human blood, 

  1. BMR decreases

  2. RBCs collapse and urine production increases

  3. BMR increases

  4. RBCs collapse and urine production decreases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Introducing a large volume of water into the blood decreases its osmolarity. This causes water to move into red blood cells (osmosis), potentially causing them to swell and burst (hemolysis), and triggers the kidneys to increase urine production to restore balance.

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Angiotensinogen is a protein secreted by

  1. Juxtaglomerular cells

  2. Macula densa cells

  3. Endothelial cells

  4. Liver cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Angiotensinogen is a plasma protein produced and secreted by liver cells. It is a sole precursor of all angiotensin peptide. Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin which acts on angiotensinogen to release angiotensin I and then it is converted to angiotensin II by the action of enzyme angiotensin-converting enzymes.
So, the correct answer is 'Liver cells'.
Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The best kidney transplant can be carried out when

  1. Blood group of donor matches with the recipient.

  2. HLA of donor matches with the recipient.

  3. Glomerular rate of filtration of a donor matches with the recipient.

  4. Both A and B.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Successful kidney transplantation requires compatibility in both blood type (to avoid acute hemolytic reactions) and HLA markers (to minimize immune-mediated rejection).