Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true regarding the human kidneys?

  1. The renal cortex lies inside the medulla.

  2. The left kidney lies lower than the right.

  3. The renal veins drain directly into the superior vena cava.

  4. The link between the kidney and the bladder is the urethra.

  5. The renal cortex contains all the glomeruli.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

All the glomeruli are in the renal cortex. The loops of Henle dip into the medulla and the collecting ducts drain into the renal pelvis by passing through the medulla.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements does not characterises metabolic alkalosis by the nephrons?

  1. In a metabolic alkalosis, plasma bicarbonate is raised.

  2. ADH excess causes excess renal bicarbonate reabsorption.

  3. A normal plasma chloride concentration is necessary for normal renal bicarbonate excretion.

  4. A rise in plasma carbon dioxide level causes a respiratory acidosis.

  5. Panic attacks cause a transient respiratory alkalosis in human beings.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone excess causes excess renal bicarbonate reabsorption.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements is incorrect regarding the renal tubular acidosis?

  1. It occurs when the kidney does not reabsorb sodium ions.

  2. Bicarbonate loss from the kidney causes acidosis.

  3. Proximal renal tubular acidosis is associated with other tubular disorders.

  4. Distal renal tubular acidosis is associated with multi system disorders.

  5. Hypoaldosteronism can cause a renal tubular acidosis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Renal tubular acidosis occurs when the kidney does not adequately reabsorb bicarbonate.

Multiple choice

UTI has been divided into two parts UTI-I and UTI-II. Which part has been kept under the control of the government?

  1. UTI-I

  2. UTI-II

  3. Both the above

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

UTI- I have been kept under the control of the government. In 2003, UTI was divided into two parts, UTI Mutual Fund (UTI MF) and a specified undertaking of UTI or UTI-I. UTI MF was brought under SEBI regulations while UTI-I was kept under direct government control since its schemes offered guaranteed returns. 

Multiple choice

The functional unit of the kidney is

  1. Neuron

  2. Glomerolus

  3. Nephron

  4. Ureter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Multiple choice

When nitrogenous waste products accumulate in the blood, it is an indication that the

  1. heart is not functioning

  2. kidneys are not functioning properly

  3. lungs are functioning

  4. liver is not functioning
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Wastes in the blood come from the normal breakdown of active tissues, such as muscles, and from food. The body uses food for energy and self-repairs. After the body has taken what it needs from food, wastes are sent to the blood. If the kidneys did not remove them, these wastes would build up in the blood and damage the body. When nitrogenous waste products accumulate in the blood, it is an indication that the kidneys are not functioning properly. 

Multiple choice

Dialysis is used for the treatment of

  1. Brain disease

  2. Kidney failure

  3. Heart weakness

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In medicine, dialysis, meaning dissolution, dia, meaning through, and lysis, meaning (loosening or splitting) is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure.[1] Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure), or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function-a state known as chronic kidney disease. 

Multiple choice

The volume of urine is controlled by

  1. thyroxine

  2. insulin

  3. adrenaline

  4. ADH

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Anti diuretic hormone is secreted by posterior pituitary. It controls the volume of water or urine in the body.