Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Where does the urea produced in the body of man?

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Blood

  4. Urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The liver is the primary site for the urea cycle, where ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted into urea. Urea is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the not the function of kidney?

  1. Regulation of the BP

  2. Secretion of antibiotics

  3. Removal of urine

  4. Regulation of the acidity of urine

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The kidneys filter blood, regulate blood pressure, and maintain electrolyte balance. They do not secrete antibiotics; antibiotics are typically administered to the body to fight infections.

Multiple choice

Increased serum creatinine level is a sign of _________.

  1. head damage

  2. kidney damage

  3. lung damage

  4. heart damage

  5. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. High levels in the blood indicate that the kidneys are not filtering effectively.

Multiple choice

In public urinals, the urine gives a pungent smell due to

  1. the conversion of both urea and uric acid into ammonia

  2. the conversion of uric acid into ammonia by ornithine cycle

  3. the conversion of urea into ammonia by bacteria

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In public urinals, the urine gives a pungent smell due to the conversion of urea into ammonia by bacteria. 

Multiple choice

There is no sugar in urine. The blood entering the kidney has more sugar than leaving the kidney because

  1. sugar is used by kidney cells in metabolism

  2. sugar is absorbed by bladder

  3. sugar is absorbed by proximal convoluted tubule

  4. sugar is absorbed in loop of Henle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 There is no sugar in urine. The blood entering the kidney has more sugar than leaving the kidney because sugar is absorbed by proximal convoluted tubule.

Multiple choice

Which of the following options is never the function of the kidney?

  1. pH regulation

  2. Mineral level regulation

  3. Erythropoiesis

  4. Urea formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoiesis is not a function of kidney. Erythropoiesis is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes). It is stimulated by decreased O2 in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin.

Multiple choice

The human kidneys are

  1. opisthonephric

  2. pronephric

  3. mesonephric

  4. metanephric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The human kidneys are metanephric.

Multiple choice

In the human kidney, the glomeruli are limited to

  1. cortex

  2. medulla

  3. pyramidal tissue

  4. all over the kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the human kidney, the glomeruli are limited to cortex.A glomerulus is a network (as a tuft) of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney.

Multiple choice

The Bowman’s capsule is

  1. a part of uriniferous tubule and is the site of filtration of various blood constituents during the formation of urine

  2. a part of uriniferous tubule and is the site of reabsorption of water and glucose

  3. present in the liver and is the site of secretion of the bile juice

  4. associated with liver and is the site of the storage of the bile juice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Bowman’s capsule is a part of uriniferous tubule and is the site of filtration of various blood constituents during the formation of urine.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
Column I Column II
A. Renal calculi i. Inflammation of mucosa and submucosa of the urinary bladder
B. Pyelinonephritis ii. Glomerular inflammation due to allergy of bacterial toxins
C. Cystitis iii. Kidney stones usually obstructing urinary tract
D. Bright’s disease iv. Inflammation of one or both kidneys involving nephrons and pelvis

  1. A – iv, B – iii, C – ii, D – i

  2. A – iii, B – iv, C – ii, D – i

  3. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii

  4. A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A symptom of Bright’s disease is glomerular inflammation due to allergy of bacterial toxins.