Biology
Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology
1,215 Questions
Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.
Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system
Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions
-
Scoliodon
-
Frog
-
Sparrow
-
Rat
-
Kangaroo rat
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Dog shark or Scoliodon has special urea absorbing segment in the uriniferous tubules.
-
Cortical nephron
-
Distal nephron
-
JGA
-
Renal pelvis
-
Renal medulla
C
Correct answer
Explanation
JGA or Juxtaglomerular Apparatus is responsible for the release of renin.
-
ureotelism
-
micturition
-
haemodialysis
-
ammonotelism
-
None of these
C
Correct answer
Explanation
In uremia, artificial kidney is used for removing accumulated waste products by the process called haemodialysis.
-
Glomerular nephritis
-
Polyuria
-
Renal calculi
-
Uremia
-
Ketosis
E
Correct answer
Explanation
It is the presence of acetone or ketone bodies in urine.
-
Sodium chloride
-
Urea
-
Ammonia
-
Guanine
-
Amino acid
B
Correct answer
Explanation
It is the less toxic nitrogenous waste found in humans and is formed by the help of ornithine cycle.
-
Mollusca
-
Arthropoda
-
Annelida
-
Echinodermata
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Nephredia is the excretory organ in Annelida.
-
Ketonuria
-
Pyuria
-
Anuria
-
Hematouria
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Presence of pus cells or WBC in urine is called pyuria. It is due to urinary tract infection or any other infection in the body.
-
Dysuria
-
Polyuria
-
Oligourea
-
Haematourea
C
Correct answer
Explanation
A decrease in urine volume is called oligourea.
-
uremic syndrome
-
uremia
-
polyuria
-
anuria
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Higher concentration of urea and uric acid in blood due to renal failure causes progressive weakness and is called as uremia.
-
peritonitis
-
poly-nephritis
-
cystitis
-
glomerulonephritis
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Infection of kidney is called poly-nephritis.
-
Oligouria
-
Anuria
-
Dysuria
-
Haematouria
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Anuria is the failure of kidney to form urine. It is caused by the damage or ischemia of the glomeruli and renal tubules.
-
Ketonuria
-
Glycosuria
-
Albuminuria
-
Jaundice
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Presence of albumin proteins (blood proteins) in urine in diabetes mellitus is known as albuminuria. High blood pressure can also lead to kidney damage and more proteins in the urine.
-
No effect
-
More diluted urine
-
Urine with less water
-
More Na and Cl ions would be absorbed.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Increase in Henle's loop will increase the surface area of the loop and thus, more water would be absorbed and the urine formed will have less water.
-
By osmoregulation
-
By haemodialysis
-
By micturation
-
By ultrafilteration
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The process by which the osmotic pressure of the body fluids are maintained by addition or elimination of various substances like water, salts, etc is called osmoregulation. It maintains homeostasis of an organism's water content by diluting or concentrating urine.
-
filtration of liquid waste from the blood
-
filtration of solid waste from the body
-
filtration of liquid and solid waste from blood
-
filtration of carbon dioxide from the blood
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products, excess water, and impurities from the blood to form urine. This is a vital process for maintaining homeostasis.