Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Uric acid is the end product of the

  1. Protein metabolism

  2. Purine metabolism

  3. CHO metabolism

  4. Fat metabolism

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. High levels can lead to conditions like gout.

Multiple choice

The glucose is absent in the urine of a healthy man but it has been noted that there is more glucose in the blood entering the kidney than the blood leaving the kidney. This is because

  1. some glucose is used up in respiration of kidney cells

  2. some glucose is filtered in other form of waste products

  3. some glucose is converted into glycogen

  4. glucose is absorbed in the urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glucose is filtered into the kidney tubules but is normally reabsorbed into the blood. The difference in concentration between blood entering and leaving the kidney is primarily due to the metabolic consumption of glucose by kidney cells to power active transport processes.

Multiple choice

Mammalian kidney resembles contractile vacuole of Amoeba in the excretion of :

  1. glucose

  2. excess water

  3. urea

  4. ammonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Single contractile vacuole is found in fresh water Amoeba. It appears like a bubble of clear, watery fluid, enclosed within a decicate and elastic condensation membrane resembling plasmalemma. its function is osmoregulation, i.e. excess amount of water collected in it an discharged out by it. The water collected in contractile vacuole contain trace of ammonia.

Multiple choice

The complete reabsorption of glucose takes place in :

  1. collecting tubule

  2. distal convulated tubule

  3. proximal convoluted tubule

  4. Henle's loop
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The proximal convoluted tube absorbs by active transport all the glucose and amino acids that are part of the original filtrate from the glomeruli. Also sodium, water, phosphate.

Multiple choice

Glomerular filtrate is :

  1. blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma protein

  2. blood minus corpuscles

  3. mixture of water, ammonia and corpuscles

  4. urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The glomerular filtrate contains a large amount of wate rand other dissolved substances such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, amino acids, glucose, sodium, potassium, vitamins etc. Glomerular filtrate and blood plasma are similar except that glomerular filtrate does not have proteins. 

Multiple choice

Kidney of man is :

  1. Pronephros

  2. Mesonephros

  3. Metanephros

  4. Opisthonephros
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kidney of man is metanephros.The development of the kidney proceeds through a series of successive phases, each marked by the development of a more advanced kidney: the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.The pronephros is the most immature form of kidney, while the metanephros is most developed. The metanephros persists as the definitive adult kidney.  

Multiple choice

Urea formation takes place through :

  1. Nitrogen cycle

  2. Ornithine cycle

  3. Cori cycle

  4. Krebs' cycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Urea is formed in liver through ornithine cycle. The liver cells continuously release urea into the blood. Now, kidneys withdraw it from the blood to excrete in urine. 

Multiple choice

Nephrons discharge urine in the ______.

  1. collecting duct

  2. ureter

  3. kidney

  4. urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. After filtration and processing, the final urine is collected and discharged into the collecting ducts, which then lead to the renal pelvis and ureter.

Multiple choice

GTR refers to

  1. Glomerulous Filtration Rate

  2. Glomerular Filtration Rate

  3. Glomerular Filtrate Rate

  4. Glomerulous Filtrate Rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate, which is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit of time.

Multiple choice

Urea is formed in the

  1. liver

  2. kidney

  3. bladder

  4. urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The liver is the primary site for the urea cycle, where toxic ammonia is converted into urea. The kidneys then filter this urea from the blood for excretion.

Multiple choice

Ornithine cycle is known as

  1. urea cycle

  2. urine cycle

  3. blood circulation

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Ornithine cycle, also known as the urea cycle, is a series of biochemical reactions in the liver that produce urea from ammonia.

Multiple choice

DCT refers to

  1. direct convoluted tube

  2. distal convoluted tubule

  3. distance convolution tube

  4. distal convoluted tube
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DCT stands for Distal Convoluted Tubule, a portion of the nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.