Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Hemodialysis functions as an artificial _____.

  1. kidney

  2. heart

  3. liver

  4. lung
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hemodialysis is a medical procedure used to filter waste products and excess water from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions. It essentially serves as an external, mechanical replacement for kidney function. This process helps maintain the body's chemical balance and blood pressure.

Multiple choice

_______ brings into kidney the dirty blood containing waste substances.

  1. Aorta

  2. Renal artery

  3. Renal vein

  4. Vena cava

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The renal artery branches off from the aorta to deliver blood containing nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys for filtration. Once filtered, the blood leaves through the renal vein. The aorta and vena cava are the main systemic vessels that connect to these renal branches.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the following information and answer the given question.

Gagan is suffering from a chronic infectious disease. This has affected his kidneys also leading to decrease in urine formation and pain while urination. Doctor advised him to go for artificial kidney treatment. Gagan immediately agreed to doctor’s advice and went for the same treatment.

Which of the following is the most common way to treat advanced kidney failure?

  1. Haemodialysis

  2. Chemodialysis

  3. Kidney transplant

  4. Haemotransplant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Haemodialysis is the most common procedure used to filter waste products from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the following information and answer the given question.

Gagan is suffering from a chronic infectious disease. This has affected his kidneys also leading to decrease in urine formation and pain while urination. Doctor advised him to go for artificial kidney treatment. Gagan immediately agreed to doctor’s advice and went for the same treatment.

What is the correct volume of urine excreted per day?

  1. 1-2 L

  2. 10-20 L

  3. 180 L

  4. It cannot be recorded
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The average volume of urine excreted by a healthy adult per day is typically between 1 and 2 liters.

Multiple choice

Dialysis is used to correct the functioning of

  1. kidney

  2. lungs

  3. liver

  4. gall bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to perform the functions of the kidneys, specifically filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys fail.

Multiple choice

Levels of mercury in blood and urine are normally very low. The alga capable of reducing mercury levels in humans is

  1. Palmaria palmata

  2. Ulva lactuca

  3. Chlorella

  4. Chondrus crispus

  5. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chlorella is very popular in Japan. It is also used as a nutritional supplement with possible effects on the metabolic rate. It can reduce mercury levels in humans by chelation of mercury to the cell wall of the organism.