Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) circulatory system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system frog

In a uriniferous tubule, what is the short and tubular region, that follows the Bowman's capsule known as?

  1. Neck

  2. Proximal convoluted tubule

  3. Henle's loop

  4. Distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a uriniferous tubule, 'Henle's loop' is the short and tubular region, that follows the Bowman's capsule.

So, the correct option is 'Henle's loop'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

Which one of the following does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?

  1. Distal convoluted tubule

  2. Collecting duct

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Loop of Henle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Collecting ducts are the larger tubes, each receiving the collecting tubules of several nephrons. Collecting duct does not form a part of the uriniferous tubule.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

In which one of the following option excretory organs are correctly stated against the given organism?

  1. Humans - Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands

  2. Earthworm - Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal

    nephridiaic

  3. Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca

  4. Frog - Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Three types of nephridia function as the excretory organ in Earthworm. These three types are-
i. Septal - It is attached to the internal septa from the 15$^{th}$ to the last segment.
ii. Integumentary - It is attached to the internal lining of body wall from the 3rd segment onwards.
iii. Pharyngeal- Paired tufts of nephridia in 3$^{rd}$, 4$^{th}$ and 5$^{th}$ segments.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Earthworm-Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia.'
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

Identify the wrong statement.

  1. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of echinoderms.

  2. Excess amino acids are excreted as such in aminotelic mode of excretion.

  3. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds.

  4. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of Molluscs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The major mode of excretion in birds is uricotelism. Uricotelism is the excretion of uric acid and the animals which excrete uric acid are called uricotelic. For example, birds. Uric acid crystals are non-toxic and almost insoluble in water. Hence, these can be retained in the body for a considerable time. So, the correct answer is 'Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion
Which of the following statements is correct about excretion in earthworm?
(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic
(ii) Septal nephridia, present on both sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, open into intestine,
(iii) Integumentary nephridia, attached to lining of body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.
(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of body fluids 

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (iv) and (v)

  3. (i), (ii), (iii)

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Following are the correct statements about the excretion of earthworm: 

(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic.
(ii) Septal nephritis, present on both the sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, that open into the intestine.
(iii) Integumentary nephritis, attached to the lining of the body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.

(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of the body fluids.

So, the correct answer is 'All of these'.

Multiple choice water potential water potential and pressure plant water relation transport in plants biology

As the glomerular filtrate courses the tubules, its composition and osmotic concentration changes, due to tubular reabsorption. Which of the following is incorrect match regarding the segment of nephron and osmotic concentration of filtrate?

  1. Segment of nephron -Proximal convoluted tubule Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Isotonic to blood plasma

  2. Segment of nephron -Descending limb of Henle's loop Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypertonic

  3. Segment of nephron -Ascending limb of Henle's loop Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypotonic

  4. Segment of nephron -Bowman's capsule Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypotonic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The filtrate in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is isotonic to blood plasma because water and solutes are reabsorbed in equal proportions.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

Glomerular kidney occurs in fish

  1. Tilapia

  2. Cirrhinus

  3. Sphyrna

  4. Exocoetus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Tilapia is a freshwater cichlid fish. It is an edible fish and used as a source of food.
B. Cirrhinus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the Carp family.
C. Sphyrna is a hammerhead shark. Its head is flattened and laterally enlarged into a hammer.
D. Exocoetus is known as flying fish. It has a powerful tail which helps it to take large jumps over the surface of the water. 
A glomerular kidney is present in Exocoetus. So, the correct answer is 'Exocoetus'.
Multiple choice zoology classification of living beings hierarchy of classification different types of classifications introduction to classification of living organisms

In jaundice, which organ is mainly affected ?

  1. liver

  2. kidney

  3. lungs

  4. brain.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Jaundice is a yellow discolouration of the skin, of whites of the eyes, indicating excess bilirubin (a bile pigment) in the blood. It is due to disease of the liver cells, such as hepatitis, when the liver is unable to utilize the bilirubin, which accumulates in the blood.

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

In a male frog, the ureters transfer

  1. Urine

  2. Sperms

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In male frogs, each testis is located on the anterio-ventral margin of the kidney. From each testis, ten to twelve vasa efferentia emerge and enter the kidney to open into the Bidder's canal. The Bidder's canal helps in the transfer of sperms via the vasa efferentia. Vasa efferentia open into the Bidder's canal and the Bidder's canal is connected to longitudinal collecting tubules by means of a number of transverse collecting tubes and these longitudinal collecting tubules open into the ureter. Finally, they open into the urinogenital duct that emerges from the kidneys. So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

Ureter of male Frog has a swelling called vesicular seminalis. It

  1. Stores Urine

  2. Stores sperms

  3. Stores ova

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In frog, from the outer smooth convex posterior side of each kidney arises a mesonephric or wolffian duct or ureter which passes backwards to open into the dorsal side of cloaca. In the males, the ureter dilates just posterior to the kidney to form a vesicula seminalis. Its function is to store sperms. 

So, the correct answer is 'Stores sperms'. 

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

A nephron is devoid of loop of Henle in

  1. Man

  2. Rabbit

  3. Frog

  4. Dog
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nephron of frog is short, it lacks Henle's loop because water conservation is not important in amphibians who reside near water. Whereas for other animals the loop of henle present in the nephron helps in water conservation. So, the correct answer is 'Frog'.

Multiple choice evs the muscular system and digestive system in human beings human muscular system closer look into muscular system muscles and its types

Which one has the maximum glycogen?

  1. Liver

  2. Muscles

  3. Nerves

  4. Kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • In our body glucose is stored mainly in the form of glycogen. when required it is converted into glucose by glycogenolysis.
  • Most of the glycogen is stored in liver i.e 10 % of the mass of liver and the muscles contain a low amount of glycogen i.e 1% of the muscle mass.
  • Hence liver has the maximum glycogen.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Liver'.