Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The kidneys have built in mechanism for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. One such efficient mechanism is carried out by juxtaglomerular apparatus(JGA). JGA is a specific sensitive region formed by
A. Afferent arteriole before it divides to form glomerulus
B. Cellular modifications in distal convoluted tubule where it is in contact with afferent arteriole
C. Macula densa cells
D. Glomerulus.

  1. A only

  2. A & B

  3. A, B & C

  4. A, B, C & D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urine is stored in

  1. Kidney

  2. Urinary bladder

  3. Ureter

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Urine is made in kidney from the kidney the ureter transports urine into the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac. When it is empty, it is about the size and shape of a pear. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. Urge for urination starts as bladder comes to have urine 400-450 ml. In response, the stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. The CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine.

So, the correct answer is 'Urinary bladder'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is used as artificial kidney in kidney failure patients?

  1. Filter

  2. Angiogram

  3. Dialysis

  4. Ventilation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Hence dialysis is used as artificial kidney in kidney failure patients.

So, the correct answer is 'Dialysis'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys are located in

  1. The chest.

  2. The abdomen.

  3. The hands.

  4. The left side of body.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The kidneys are a pair of organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. They are attached to the dorsal body wall at the level of 12th thoracic to the 3rd lumbar vertebra in the abdominal cavity. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Match following.
1.Kidneys               (a) Air
2.Heart                  (b) Food
3.Lungs                 (c) Blood
4.Stomach            (d) Wastes

  1. 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - d

  2. 1- d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b

  3. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - a

  4. 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 - a
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
 Column 1  Column 2
 Kidneys  Wastes
 Heart  Blood
 Lungs  Air
 Stomach  Food
So, the correct option is '1- d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys, lungs, gills and sweat glands, are parts the of ........... system in animals.

  1. Digestive

  2. Excretory

  3. Blood circulation

  4. Nervous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

One of the major organs of the excretory system are the kidneys. It's other major organ's are the urethra, sweat glands, lungs, and rectum. Gills in fish are part of the excretory system. The kidneys are very complex organs that play very important roles such as liquid waste is produced by the kidneys and stored in the muscular bladder. As blood flows through the capillaries, substances move from the blood through the capillary walls into the tubes. The urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra functions to both male and female bodies. It also functions as a passage for semen. There are two different types of sweat glands, the apocrine sweat glands, and the merocrine sweat glands. Both sweat glands contain muscle cells. Humans have two lungs, the left lung being divided into two lobes and the right with three. Lungs are what make you breathe and they also absorb water vapors. The rectum is about eight inches long and serves basically as storage for poop. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

.......... is not a part of excretory system in human being.

  1. Ureter

  2. Urethra

  3. Uterus

  4. Urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteri usually form initially in a female and usually male fetus, and in placental mammals, they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteri, only one is functional. Ureter, urethra, and urinary bladder are parts of the excretory system.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is not concerned with nitrogenous wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Liver

  3. Kidney

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nitrogenous waste products are generated during the breakdown of proteins by the cells as they catabolize amino acids to obtain energy. During the process of deamination, enzymes remove the amino group as ammonia which is highly toxic even in small quantities. In humans, this is combined with carbon dioxide to give urea and uric acid, which is thrown out by the function of the kidneys in the form of urine. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Renal physiology was described by

  1. Ludwig

  2. Krebs

  3. Walter

  4. Claude
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Renal physiology was described by Ludwig. Renal physiology is the study of the physiology of the kidney.

This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure; maintenance of acid-base balance; the production of various hormones including erythropoietin, and the activation of vitamin D.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The main excretory organs in man are

  1. Kidneys

  2. Nephridia

  3. Trachea

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kidney is the main excretory organ in man. It helps in filtration of blood and maintains osmoregulation. Accessory organs of excretion are liver, lungs and skin. Lungs helps in excretion of carbon dioxide. Skin helps in secretion of oil, water and salts by sweat and sebaceous gland. Liver helps in excretion of bile. It also helps in formation of urea which is a major excretory product. So, the correct answer is option"kidneys."

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The correct sequence of urine movement is

  1. Bladder --> Kidney --> Ureter -->Urethra

  2. Bladder -->Urethra -->Kidney -->Ureter

  3. Kidney -->Bladder -->Ureter --> Urethra

  4. Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder -->Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Urine is formed in the kidney. The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder are known as the ureter. From the kidney, urine is propelled into the urinary bladder through ureters which are made of smooth muscle fibres. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. The urethra is a long tube which connects urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for removal of urine from the body. In males, urethra travels through the penis and meet the urethral meatus located at the tip of the penis. In females, urethra connects to the urethral meatus above the vagina. The urethra is also known as the urinary opening. So the correct sequence of urine movement is Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder--> Urethra.
So, the correct answer is 'Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder -->Urethra'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urine is excreted out of the body through

  1. Pelvis

  2. Ureter

  3. Urinary bladder

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

a) Pelvis is the lower region of abdomen which houses various organs. 

b) Ureter carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder hence, it does not excrete urine out of the body. 
c) Urinary bladder only stores the urine. 
d) Urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. 
So, the correct answer is 'Urethra'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urinary bladder opens to the outside through

  1. Nephron

  2. Glomerulus

  3. Ureter

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

a) Nephrons are structures located in the kidney which help in filteration of blood to form urine. 

b) Glomerulus are a part of nephrons and are located in kidneys. 
c) Ureters carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder. 
d) Urethra carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside.
So, the correct answer is option 'Urethra'.