Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Excretory structures of rotifers are

  1. Green glands

  2. Malpighian tubules

  3. Flame cells

  4. Gills

  5. Kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Rotifers are microscopic aquatic animals belonging to phylum rotifera. They eat dead bacteria, algae and protozoans. The excretory structures of rotifers are Flame cells. The flame cells function like a kidney, removing nitrogenous waste.

So, the correct answer is 'Flame cells'.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

In birds, excretion of nitrogenous wastes, mainly as uric acid, is helpful for

  1. eliminating excess body water

  2. conserving body water

  3. eliminating excess body heat

  4. eliminating excess sugar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Birds excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water. Therefore they are called uricotelic animals. 

So the correct option is conserving body water. 

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Ammonia is excreted by most

  1. bony fishes

  2. adult amphibians

  3. land snails

  4. insects
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) The process of excreting ammonia is Ammonotelism. Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are ammonotelic. 

(B) Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called ureotelic animals.
(C) land snails excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a pellet.
(D) insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water and are called uricotelic animals.
So the correct answer is bony fishes.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Choose the wrong statement.

  1. In ureotelic organisms, ammonia is not a product metabolism

  2. In mammals some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of ureotelics of maintain osmolarity

  3. In fishes, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonium ions

  4. Urea and uric acid less toxic than ammonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ureotelic organisms produce ammonia as a metabolic byproduct, which is then converted into urea in the liver via the urea cycle. Therefore, the statement that ammonia is not a product of metabolism in these organisms is false.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Renal gland is the excretory organ of

  1. Annelida

  2. Echinodermata

  3. Crustaceans

  4. Mollusca
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The renal gland is a relatively wide tube opening from a sac (the pericardium) surrounding the heart, at one end, and to the mantle cavity (effectively to the exterior) at the other. The anatomical form of the renal gland varies from one class of molluscs to another.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Marcello Malpighi in 1966 first described

  1. Nephron

  2. Glomerulus

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Pygmalion corpuscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus together constitute the malpighian corpuscle (pygmalion corpuscle or renal corpuscle). The malphigian corpuscles were first described by Morcello Malpighi in the year 1966.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

In Bright's disease

  1. Amount of urea in blood increases

  2. Blood is passed with urine

  3. Kidney stones are formed

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bright's disease is a classification for nephritis, a kidney condition. Nephritis is caused by inflammation of part of the kidneys, usually either the glomeruli or the spaces in between the renal tubules. Symptoms most commonly associated with Bright's disease are intense pain on either or both sides of the lower back along with a fever and nausea. Cloudy, dark, or bloody urine containing blood plasma proteins is also a hallmark sign of kidney problems. 

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Which one of the following is the simplest excretory organ?

  1. Alveolus

  2. Flame cell

  3. Nephridium

  4. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell, found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans. These are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Kidney crystals are solid clusters of

  1. Calcium nitrate and uric acid

  2. Calcium phosphate and uric acid

  3. Calcium carbonate and uric acid

  4. Calcium metabisulfite and uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A kidney stone is a solid cluster made up of tiny crystals. 

Types of kidney stones are as follows:
i) Calcium oxalate stones are approximately 85 percent of kidney stones are composed of calcium, usually forming from excess calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria). The most common type of calcium stone is chemically bound with oxalate. Calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common. 
ii) Calcium phosphate stones are linked with a specific metabolic or hormonal disorder, such as hyperparathyroidism or renal tubular acidosis. 
iii) Uric acid stones is a by product of protein metabolism. Uric acid stones are linked to eating a high-protein diet. They can occur as a result of gout, genetic factors and disorders related to chemotherapy treatment. 
iv) Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria, a hereditary disorder that causes the kidneys to excrete large amounts of certain amino acids. 
v) Struvite stones are related to a urinary tract infection caused by a specific form of bacteria. They can grow very large and can block the kidneys, ureters or bladder outlet.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Kidney of frog is 

  1. Pronephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Metanephric

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mesonephric kidney- Develop from middle part (mesonephros) of nephrotome plate and remaining part of nephrotome is destroyed. Only Bowman's capsule is found in nephrons, while remaining part is simple tubular, e.g., most of the fishes and adult amphibians.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

$NH _3$ in amoeba is excreted through

  1. Food vacuole.

  2. Contractile vacuole.

  3. Plasma membrane.

  4. Both B and C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba is a unicellular organism. The main waste material in amoeba ammonia (NH$ _3$) along with carbon dioxide (CO$ _2$). The waste material is excreted through body surface (plasmalema) by the process of diffusion. In this process, contractile vacuoles play important role.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Cannabinoid receptors present principally in the

  1. Heart

  2. Brain

  3. Liver

  4. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cannabinoid receptors are those receptors which are mainly present in the brain but are also present in nearly all the organs of the body. They are the receptors that are responsible for the physiological functions as well as the functioning of the body. They are primarily found in the nervous system and brain region.

So, the correct option is 'Brain'.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In alcoholics, urine is

  1. Hyperosmotic

  2. Isoosmotic

  3. Hypoosmotic

  4. Alkaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In alcoholic persons, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) levels are decreased. ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary. It stimulates water reabsorption from kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production. Decreased secretion of ADH due to alcohol causes dehydration in body. The urine produced in body due to dehydration is hyperosmotic as its osmolarity is high due to deficiency of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperosmotic'.
Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene disorders of nervous system drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence

Amnesia is

  1. Loss of memory

  2. Loss of filtration capacity of kidney

  3. Loss of appetite

  4. Loss of blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pathological impairment of memory is termed as amnesia. It is caused mainly due to some accident or on the prolonged medicinal dose. Cerebrum is mainly affected due to amnesia.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene disorders of nervous system drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence

LSD addiction causes

  1. Kidney damage

  2. Increased heart rate

  3. Hallucinations

  4. Mental and emotional disturbance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synaesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences. So, it causes hallucinations.
So, the correct answer is option C.