Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

If liver is removed, which component of blood will increase?

  1. Ammonia

  2. Protein

  3. Uric acid

  4. Urea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions like Na +, K+, Cl–, phosphate, sulphate, etc., either by metabolic activities or by other means like excess ingestion. 
  • These substances have to be removed totally or partially. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals.  Ammonia is rapidly removed from the liver by urea cycle.
  • Urea cycle takes place in the liver in which the ammonia is converted into a water-soluble compound known as urea. Urea formed is a non-toxic excretion product whereas Ammonia is toxic to the CNS because it reacts with the α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate. Hence, If the liver is removed, which component of blood will increase is ammonia.
So, the correct answer is 'ammonia'.
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of the following is not an excretory organ ???

  1. Liver

  2. kidney

  3. Book lungs

  4. Hepatopancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The liver is a metabolic and detoxification organ. While it processes waste for excretion, it is not classified as an excretory organ in the same sense as the kidneys, lungs, or skin.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Twenty-four hours after removing the liver of a mammal the concentrations of urea and amino acids in the blood would be changed in which of the following ways?

  1. Both urea and amino acid levels would have risen

  2. There would be no change in the level of either

  3. The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would have fallen

  4. The urea level would have risen while the amino acid level would have fallen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Urea is produced in the liver which is a breakdown product of amino acids if the liver is removed amino acids will not be metabolized and urea level will rise.

So, the correct option is 'The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would have fallen'.

Multiple choice

The bladder stores?

  1. red blood cells

  2. white blood cells

  3. urine

  4. digestive juices
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that collects and stores urine produced by the kidneys before it is excreted from the body.

Multiple choice

Which option lists the directional sequence of urine from the kidney?

  1. Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, urethral opening.

  2. Kidney, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder, bladder opening.

  3. Kidney, urethral opening, ureter, urethra.

  4. Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, urethral opening.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urine is produced in the kidneys, travels down the ureters to the bladder, and is eventually expelled through the urethra. This is the standard anatomical pathway.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the urinary bladder?

  1. Temporary storage or urine

  2. Regulation of urinal output from the kidneys

  3. Recycling of essential salts back into the blood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The primary role of the urinary bladder is to act as a reservoir for urine, allowing for controlled and infrequent urination. The kidneys perform the other functions listed.

Multiple choice

What is the function of the ureters?

  1. Connect the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

  2. Connect the Kidneys to the adrenal gland

  3. Connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder

  4. Connect the urinary bladder to the external urethral opening
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ureters are the muscular tubes that transport urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Multiple choice

Think about the digestive system. In humans, the right kidney is positioned slightly lower than the left kidney. Why?

  1. The left kidney is crowded upwards by the liver.

  2. The right kidney is crowded downwards by the liver.

  3. Lung position effects the position of the left kidney.

  4. Both kidneys are at exactly the same level in humans.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The liver is a large organ located on the right side of the abdominal cavity, which pushes the right kidney slightly lower than the left one.