Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Which system is responsible transporting nutrients and waste around the body?

  1. Cardiovascular

  2. urinary

  3. Nervous

  4. Respiratory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. This process delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells while carrying away metabolic waste products like carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice

Which system filters the blood to remove waste and produce urine?

  1. Digestive

  2. Nervous

  3. Cardiovascular

  4. Urinary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, filters blood to remove metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess water. These filtered waste products are then excreted from the body in the form of urine.

Multiple choice

How are excess water soluble vitamins excreted?

  1. By respiration

  2. Via stool

  3. Via urine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body; any excess circulating in the blood is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, can accumulate in adipose tissue and the liver.

Multiple choice

Aldosterone causes ______________ by the kidneys

  1. loss of sodium ions

  2. loss of water

  3. reabsorption of sodium ions

  4. both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that acts on the distal tubules of the kidney to promote the reabsorption of sodium ions, which in turn leads to water retention.

Multiple choice

Which body fluid has the lowest pH?

  1. Arterial blood

  2. Stomach acid

  3. Venous blood

  4. Urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Stomach acid (gastric juice) contains hydrochloric acid and has a very low pH, typically between 1.5 and 3.5, making it significantly more acidic than blood or urine.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Endocrine structure of kidney is 

  1. Cortex

  2. Medulla

  3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

  4. Pelvis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a type of endocrine organ that is small in size, located within kidneys and helps in the regulating the function of nephrons. This is mainly  involved in the secretion of renin and erythropoietin in response to changes in the renal blood pressure or blood flow. 

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Vasopressin is related with the concentration of urine.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Vasopressin causes resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (diuresis) making urine concentrated. Hence, it is also called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
So, the correct option is 'True'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation ?

  1. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

  2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release

  3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II

  4. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation the release of ADH is suppressed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When someone drinks lot of water which is excess amount for his body, as a result osmolarity of the blood will decreases.The decrease in osmolarity will suppress the release of ADH. Correct option is (A).

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Reabsorption of water in the nephron is controlled by ADH and aldosterone hormone.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. Hence, both ADH and aldosterone control reabsorption of water in the nephron.
So, the correct option is 'True'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormone which adsorbs water from renal tubule

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucangon

  3. ADH

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary glands. It absorbs water from renal tubule thereby conserving water in our body. It constantly regulates and balances the water level of the body. Osmotic sensors and baroreceptors join with ADH in water metabolism.

Insulin helps to control blood glucose level whereas glucagon works to increase the sugar level in the bloodstream. 
So, the correct answer is 'ADH'.