Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Read the following pioints :- 
(i) Increase GFR
(ii) Increase B.P
(III) Decreases Blood Volume
(iv) Increases aldosterone secretion 
(v) Vasoconstrictor
(vi) Increases Na excretion
How many points are correct about angiotensin II?

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. Four

  4. Five
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiotensin II - is a vasoconstrictor which causes an increase in BP (means a decrease in blood volume),  increase Na+ reabsorption, does not alter GFR, Angiotensin II can stimulate aldosterone secretion. 

So, the correct option is 'Two'. 

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Which of the following statements is incorrect ? 

  1. Mammals have the ability to produce concentrated urine.

  2. Counter current is due to the flow of filtrate in two limbs of Henle's Loop in opposite direction.

  3. Henle's loop and vasa recta play a significant role in concentrating the urine.

  4. Flow of fitrate through vasa recta also follow the counter current pattern.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Flow of blood through vasa recta follows counter current pattern. Filtrate flows through loop of Henle.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

The reabsorption of the sodium from glomerular filtrate is regulated by the hormone _____________.

  1. Glucagon

  2. Secretin

  3. Aldosterone

  4. Adrenaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone is secreted by the outer layer of the adrenal gland. When aldosterone is present in the blood, all the $Na^{+}$ in the filtrate is reabsorbed b the epithelial cells of DCT and collecting duct. Retaining $Na{+}$ raises the osmotic pressure of the blood and reduces water loss from the body. 

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

What effect does the presence of ANP have on the body ?

  1. It increases the production of renin

  2. It increases the excretion of sodium and water

  3. It stimulates the production of aldosterone

  4. It stimulates the production of angiotensin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

As stated in the passage Renin-Angiotensin system increase blood pressure by causing retention of sodium and stimulation mineralocorticoid secretion. ANP reduces the blood pressure by excreting out sodium and excess water and vasodilation.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology breath and blood of life different types of circulatory systems stomata and transpiration transport in organisms

Mark the incorrect statement

  1. Every organ in our body needs the involvement of circulating fluids.

  2. The digestive system absorb & digest nutrients.

  3. The respiratory system removes all extra water of the body.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Every organ in our body needs the involvement of circulating fluid. Ex - The digestive system digests & absorb nutrients which are needed to be transported to every cell in the body.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

In blood, the main buffers are

  1. Na$^+$ and K$^+$.

  2. Sodium di-hydrogen phosphate and sodium mono-hydrogen phosphate.

  3. Carbonic acid and bicarbonate.

  4. Ammonium acetate.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A Buffer is an aqueous solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added to it. The main buffer in the blood contains a large amount of carbonic acid, a weak acid, and bicarbonate, a base. Together, they help to maintain the pH of the blood at 7.4. The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base mechanism to maintain the balance of pH in the blood, in order to support proper metabolic functions.
So the correct answer is C.
Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which of the following is found in blood and not in nephric filtration?

  1. Urea

  2. Glucose and Globulin

  3. Amino acids

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A) Urea is excreted through urine.
B) Glucose is usually only found in the urine when blood glucose levels are raised due to diabetes. This disorder is called glycosuria.

C) Some amino acids like glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, alanine, glutamine, lysine, and tyrosine are found in blood excreted in urine.
D) No significant amount of globulins are found in the urine. Globulins and other proteins are filtered out to form urine. Presence of excess protein bodies in the urine is called proteinuria and indicates kidney damage.
So the correct answer is 'Glucose and Globulin'. 

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

What will happen, if there is an increase in plasma albumin?

  1. Increased blood pressure

  2. Increased rate of heart

  3. Greater accumulation of tissue fluid

  4. Decrease filtration in the glomerulus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Serum or plasma albumin is the protein found in plasma. 
  • It is most abundant protein in the plasma and constitutes about half the proteins in the plasma.  
  • Albumin transports hormones, fatty acids, and other compounds, buffers pH and maintains oncotic pressure. 
  • Oncotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein in a blood vessel's plasma. 
  • Therefore, the increase in plasma albumin levels leads to the increased blood pressure and in severe conditions may lead to heart attack. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'increased blood pressure'.
Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Which of the following is incorrect about ultrafiltration?

  1. Podocytes are arranged in intricate manner so as to leave minute space called filtration slits and slit pore, filtration occur finely through these pores

  2. Filtration is so fine that almost all constituent of blood except protein pass onto the lumen of Bowman's capsule

  3. Filtrated fluid is isotonic to blood plasma

  4. JGA control filtration rate of Ultrafiltration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  •  Podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner around in the glomerulus so as to leave minute spaces called filtration slits and slit pores, filtration occurs finely through these pores.
  • Filtration is so fine that almost all constituent of blood except protein pass onto the lumen of Bowman's capsule.
  • The fluid formed after the filtration of blood is more concentrated as compared to blood.
  • JGA controls the rate of Ultrafiltration.
So, the correct answer is 'Filtrated fluid is isotonic to blood plasma'.

Multiple choice biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

Water retention in plasma is brought about mainly by

  1. Fibrinogen

  2. Serum albumins

  3. Alpha globulins

  4. Gamma globulins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A) Fibrinogens are responsible for clotting. 
B) Serum albumins transport hormones, fatty acids, and other compounds, buffers pH, and maintain osmotic pressure of the blood by retaining extra water. It also binds to many drugs.

C) Alpha globulins and beta globulins function as enzymes and proteins that transport compounds in the body.
D) Gamma globulins act as the antibody defense against antigen invasion.
So the correct answer is 'serum albumins'.

Multiple choice

Which herb is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and promote kidney health?

  1. Punarnava

  2. Ashwagandha

  3. Brahmi

  4. Amla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Punarnava is a herb that is known for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps flush out toxins from the urinary tract, reduce inflammation, and promote kidney health.

Multiple choice

What is the medical term for involuntary urination?

  1. Enuresis

  2. Encopresis

  3. Nocturia

  4. Dysuria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Enuresis is the medical term for involuntary urination, which is a common childhood disorder.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of enuresis?

  1. Nocturnal enuresis

  2. Diurnal enuresis

  3. Mixed enuresis

  4. Overflow enuresis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nocturnal enuresis is the most common type of enuresis, which occurs during sleep.