Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of these possesses good regenerating power 

  1. Brain

  2. Kidney

  3. Lung

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In mammals liver has extensive power of regeneration. If a part of liver is surgically removed the cells of the remaining part undergo repeated division until the original volume of this vital organ restored 

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occur in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. Both 1 and 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Deamination is the process of removal of amino acids like serine and threonine from molecules and the enzyme that catalyses the reaction is deaminases. In the human body, it takes place primarily in the liver however glutamate is also deaminated in the kidneys.

So, the correct answer is 'both 1 and 2'.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Twenty-four hours after removing the liver of a mammal the concentrations of urea & amino acids in the blood would be changed in which of the following ways?

  1. Both urea & amino acid levels would have risen

  2. There would be no change in the level of either

  3. The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would be fallen

  4. The urea level would have risen while the amino acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The end products of fat metabolism are excreted by 

  1. Lung

  2. Skin

  3. Kidneys

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The fat in the human diet is in the form of triglycerides. To use the fat as a source of energy for the body it needs to be broken down - a process referred to as fat metabolism.  This metabolism which takes place primarily in the liver gives out cholesterol and phospholipids. These are made available to the rest of the body along with lipoproteins and the rest are excreted out through bile. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The toxic substance are detoxified in the human body by:

  1. Lungs

  2. Kidneys

  3. Liver

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

One of the most important biochemical roles of liver is detoxification i.e., conversion of toxic substances into non-toxic substance. The toxic substances cab be foreign or xenobiotic compounds or are formed by metabolic activities of the body. One of the detoxification strategies of liver is to make the xenobiotic and harmful chemicals water soluble by hydroxylating them. Once hydroxyl group is added, the chemicals become water soluble and can be easily excreted through urine route.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Excess amino acids are deaminated and converted into urea in 

  1. Kidneys

  2. Liver

  3. Spleen

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Deamination and urea formation is a major function of liver. Deamination of amino acids is mainly done by liver (separation of amino group of amino acid and its conversion to ammonia). Preparation of urea from the amino acids is done by the liver. Liver converts ammonia (obtained from deamination) into urea through ornithine cycle. So, after the damage or spoilage of liver, the ammonia level in the animal body is increased and the animal dies.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occurs in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Deamination is the body process in which amino groups are removed from excess proteins. This happens most often in the liver, though it also occurs in the kidneys. This process allows the system to convert excess amino acids into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon. The process also plays a vital role in removing nitrogen waste from the body. Amino groups discarded as a result of the process are converted into ammonia, which is later expelled from the body through urination
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occurs in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

1.  Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of protein intake. It is the removal of an amine group from a molecule in the presence of an enzyme called Deaminase. It takes place in the liver. This process allows the system to convert excess amino acids into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon and also plays a vital role in removing nitrogen waste from the body. Hence deamination occurs in the Liver. 

  • So the correct option is '' Liver''

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Glisson's capsules are found in

  1. Kidney of frog

  2. Heart of frog

  3. Liver of mammals

  4. Cerebellum of rabbit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Glisson's capsules are the capsule of the liver of mammals. A layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver and ensheathing the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts within the liver
So, the correct answer is 'Liver of mammals'
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The detoxification of substances in the body is carried out by

  1. Liver

  2. Lungs

  3. Kidney

  4. Intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human liver carries out more than 500 metabolic functions, includ­ing the detoxification of harmful substances in the body. Over 2 quarts of blood pass through this important organ every minute of every day, filter­ing and transforming chemicals to keep the body clean. The liver also pro­duces bile into which fat-soluble toxins are attached and then discharged into the gastrointestinal tract.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The major site of protein breakdown to form free amino acids is in the

  1. Kidney

  2. Spleen

  3. Intestine

  4. Bone marrow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kidner functions as a blood filtration tool which separates waste from the blood. The spleen is the site where blood is filtered as a part of immune system, also recycling of old blood cells are done here. Bone marrow is the site where there is the formation of new blood cells. The intestine is the only place where the protein in ingested food is broken down into simple forms after the partial breakdown in the stomach. So major proteinaceous food is broken down into free amino acids in the intestine.