Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused due to the hyposecretion of hormones?

a. Addison's disease b. Diabetes mellitus c. Myxoderma d. Grave's disease

  1. Only a and b

  2. Only b and c

  3. Only a and c

  4. Only b and d

  5. Only a and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus are caused due to the hyposecretion of hormones. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of aldosterone hormone. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to hyposecretion of insulin.

Multiple choice

After doing high intensity exercises in gym, Raman suffered from fatigue. What is the reason of this fatigue?

  1. Decrease in the cell concentration of ADP.

  2. Restriction of ATP production

  3. Failure of ATP supply to fulfill the demand

  4. Decrease of triglyceride stores in the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hydrolysis of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) provides the energy required by cells for normal function and the intracellular ATP concentration must be maintained for normal function to continue. If the ATP concentration falls, the actin-myosin interactions that generate force within the muscle will not occur effectively. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a cause of Gout, a painful disorder of joints?

  1. Damage caused to ligaments

  2. Injury to tendons

  3. Inflammation of synovial membrane

  4. Deposition of calcium oxalate crystals

  5. Deposition of uric acid crystals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Gout causes attacks of pain and swelling in one or more joints.This results from the deposition of uric acid crystals.

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from a disorder where adenylate cyclase is non-functional resulting in decreased cAMP levels.

Why is the cAMP infusion not the remedy for the problem?

  1. There was no tissue specificity.

  2. Signalling was not proper.

  3. PKC cannot be activated.

  4. All are true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

cAMP is the hydrophilic molecule which cannot transverse the plasma membrane easily. To overcome the permeability, more hydrophobic derivatives are used resulting that there was no tissue specificity and all cells increased cAMP level. As a result, non-specific and massive responses are formed.

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from a disorder where adenylate cyclase is non-functional resulting in decreased cAMP levels.

Which of the following may occur majorly with that patient?

  1. Respiratory problem

  2. Urinary problem

  3. Headache

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As cAMP level decreased, there was no specific signalling to active PKA and PKC. As PKA and PKC are important key enzymes to regulate various metabolic pathways which are inter-related to each other leading to respiratory, urinary and neural disorders.

Multiple choice

Rohan takes an iodine-deficienct diet. Which of the following disorders is he likely to suffer from?

  1. Scurvy

  2. Anemia

  3. Goitre

  4. Kwashiorkor

  5. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is due to an iodine deficient diet. The treatment of goitre will depend upon the cause of the goitre. If the goitre was due to a deficiency of iodine in the diet , you will be given iodine supplementsorally. This will lead to a reduction in the size of the goitre but often the goitre will not completely resolve.

Multiple choice

If a person undergoing continued starving has higher level of nitrogen in his urine, which of the following is one of the reasons for this condition?

  1. Glycogen breakdown in liver.

  2. Breakdown of structural proteins.

  3. Dissolution of adipose tissue.

  4. Excessive secretion of ADH.

  5. Development of tumor in pituitary gland.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In the condition of prolonged fasting the structural proteins of the body gets consumed and proteins have large amount of nitrogen in them.

Multiple choice

What is the cause of secondary hypothyroidism?

  1. Underproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland itself

  2. Deficient TSH stimulation of thyroid by the pituitary gland

  3. Underproduction of parathormone

  4. Overproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland itself
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Deficient TSH stimulation of thyroid by the pituitary gland results into secondary hypothyroidism.