Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

  1. Adrenal virilism
  2. Addison’s disease
  3. Ateliosis
  4. Conn’s syndrome
  5. Cretinism

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 4

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 3 and 4

  5. 4 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal virilism is the development of male secondary sex characteristics caused by male sex hormones, called androgens, excessively produced by the adrenal gland. Conn's syndrome is a disease of the adrenal glands involving excess production of a hormone, called aldosterone.

Multiple choice

If a man is having a diet rich in butter, red meat and eggs for long periods, he may suffer from which of the following?

  1. Kidney stone

  2. Hypercholesterolemia

  3. Ketosuria

  4. Cirrhosis of liver

  5. Cholecystitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition whereby an increased cholesterol in blood is caused due to high amount of fat in diet for a prolonged period. It leads to thickening and hardening of arterial wall, which in turn causes narrowing of arteries and thereby blood pressure is increased.

Multiple choice

The hyposecretion of thyroxine leads to cretinism in children that is characterised by different symptoms. Which of the following is/are the feature(s) of cretinism?

Hormonal disorders viz. Cretinism and Dwarfism are caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid and growth hormone of pituitary respectively.

  1. Cramps and convulsion

  2. Stunted growth and mental retardation

  3. Swelling of thyroid gland

  4. Osteoporosis

  5. Only stunted growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine regulates the development of nervous system and the metabolism in foetus. Due to hypothyroidism, maldevelopment of nervous system leads to mental retardation of the child, and as metabolical rate or BMR is decreased in foetus, the growth of the child would be stunted.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is true for STH function?

Hormonal disorders viz. Cretinism and Dwarfism are caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid and growth hormone of pituitary respectively.

  1. Accelerates protein synthesis

  2. Retains Ca++ in body

  3. Retains Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis

  4. Facilitates growth

  5. Facilitates growth by retaining Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

STH or growth hormone is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary, and facilitates growth by retaining Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis.

Multiple choice

A doctor told a couple that their son is suffering from exophthalmos, in which either one or both eyeballs bulge out or protrude from the eye socket. This disease is found often associated with which of the following diseases?

  1. Hashimoto's disease

  2. Primary myxedema

  3. Graves' disease

  4. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

  5. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In Graves' disease, there is hyperthyroidism due to stimulating autoantibodies to the TSH receptor, which continuously mimic the effect of TSH but which are not subject to the feedback mechanisms which lower the level of TSH, once sufficient thyroid hormone has been produced. 

Multiple choice

Diabetes insipidus is caused due to ___________.

  1. hyposecretion of vasopressin

  2. hyposecretion of insulin

  3. hyposecretion of thyroxin

  4. hypersecretion of insulin

  5. hypersecretion on thyroxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyposecretion of vasopressin  causes Diabetes insipidus.