Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

If a man is having a diet rich in butter, red meat and eggs for long periods, he may suffer from which of the following?

  1. Kidney stone

  2. Hypercholesterolemia

  3. Ketosuria

  4. Cirrhosis of liver

  5. Cholecystitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition whereby an increased cholesterol in blood is caused due to high amount of fat in diet for a prolonged period. It leads to thickening and hardening of arterial wall, which in turn causes narrowing of arteries and thereby blood pressure is increased.

Multiple choice

The hyposecretion of thyroxine leads to cretinism in children that is characterised by different symptoms. Which of the following is/are the feature(s) of cretinism?

Hormonal disorders viz. Cretinism and Dwarfism are caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid and growth hormone of pituitary respectively.

  1. Cramps and convulsion

  2. Stunted growth and mental retardation

  3. Swelling of thyroid gland

  4. Osteoporosis

  5. Only stunted growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine regulates the development of nervous system and the metabolism in foetus. Due to hypothyroidism, maldevelopment of nervous system leads to mental retardation of the child, and as metabolical rate or BMR is decreased in foetus, the growth of the child would be stunted.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is true for STH function?

Hormonal disorders viz. Cretinism and Dwarfism are caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid and growth hormone of pituitary respectively.

  1. Accelerates protein synthesis

  2. Retains Ca++ in body

  3. Retains Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis

  4. Facilitates growth

  5. Facilitates growth by retaining Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

STH or growth hormone is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary, and facilitates growth by retaining Ca++ in body and accelerates protein synthesis.

Multiple choice

A doctor told a couple that their son is suffering from exophthalmos, in which either one or both eyeballs bulge out or protrude from the eye socket. This disease is found often associated with which of the following diseases?

  1. Hashimoto's disease

  2. Primary myxedema

  3. Graves' disease

  4. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

  5. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In Graves' disease, there is hyperthyroidism due to stimulating autoantibodies to the TSH receptor, which continuously mimic the effect of TSH but which are not subject to the feedback mechanisms which lower the level of TSH, once sufficient thyroid hormone has been produced. 

Multiple choice

Diabetes insipidus is caused due to ___________.

  1. hyposecretion of vasopressin

  2. hyposecretion of insulin

  3. hyposecretion of thyroxin

  4. hypersecretion of insulin

  5. hypersecretion on thyroxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyposecretion of vasopressin  causes Diabetes insipidus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the cause of Addison's disease?

  1. Hyposecretion from adrenal cortex

  2. Hypersecretion from adrenal cortex

  3. Hyposecretion from thyroxin

  4. Hypersecretion from pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyposecretion from adrenal cortex causes Addison's disease, which results in anaemia, hypoglycaemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.

Multiple choice

If there is an overgrowth of adrenal cortex in a mature woman, she develops certain male characteristics. What is this condition called?

  1. hyperglycaemia

  2. adrenal stress

  3. adrenal virilism

  4. adrenal corticoidism

  5. hypoglycaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If there is an overgrowth of adrenal cortex in a mature woman, she develops certain male characteristics such as a beard, moustache and deep male voice. This condition is known as adrenal virilism.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are caused by cretinism?

  1. Enlargement of thyroid

  2. Dwarfism and mental retardation

  3. Swelling of face and hands

  4. Swelling of neck

  5. Sluggishness
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cretinism is a condition characterised by dwarfism and mental retardation in affected children. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a symptom of exophthalmic goitre?

  1. Protruded eyes

  2. Decreased metabolism

  3. Restlessness

  4. Shortness of breath

  5. Rapid heart beat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Excess of thyroxine secretion causes exophthalmic goitre, and the patient shows a marked increase in metabolic rate and heart beat, shortness of breath, protruded eyes, etc.