Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from skin pigmentation, hypoglycaemia, and sensitivity to cold and pain with increased susceptibility to infections. Which of the following is true for this patient?

  1. Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex

  2. Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla

  3. Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex

  4. Hyposecretion of adrenal medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Patient is suffering from Addison's disease, which occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex.

Multiple choice

Renal calculi are most likely to develop in

  1. graves disease

  2. hyperparathyroidism

  3. scurvy

  4. diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperparathyroidism causes excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, leading to increased calcium resorption from bone and hypercalcemia. High urinary calcium levels promote calcium stone formation in kidneys (renal calculi). Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, scurvy involves vitamin C deficiency, and diabetes causes hyperglycemia; none directly cause calcium stones.

Multiple choice

Heightened emotion is caused by

  1. thyroid gland

  2. adrenal gland

  3. salivary gland

  4. pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes. This system consists of a network of ductless glands that regulate and balance the body's hormones, PH, temperature and assimilation of light. The endocrine glands include the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenals.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused due to the hyposecretion of hormones?

a. Addison's disease b. Diabetes mellitus c. Myxoderma d. Grave's disease

  1. Only a and b

  2. Only b and c

  3. Only a and c

  4. Only b and d

  5. Only a and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus are caused due to the hyposecretion of hormones. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of aldosterone hormone. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to hyposecretion of insulin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a cause of Gout, a painful disorder of joints?

  1. Damage caused to ligaments

  2. Injury to tendons

  3. Inflammation of synovial membrane

  4. Deposition of calcium oxalate crystals

  5. Deposition of uric acid crystals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Gout causes attacks of pain and swelling in one or more joints.This results from the deposition of uric acid crystals.

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from a disorder where adenylate cyclase is non-functional resulting in decreased cAMP levels.

Why is the cAMP infusion not the remedy for the problem?

  1. There was no tissue specificity.

  2. Signalling was not proper.

  3. PKC cannot be activated.

  4. All are true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

cAMP is the hydrophilic molecule which cannot transverse the plasma membrane easily. To overcome the permeability, more hydrophobic derivatives are used resulting that there was no tissue specificity and all cells increased cAMP level. As a result, non-specific and massive responses are formed.

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from a disorder where adenylate cyclase is non-functional resulting in decreased cAMP levels.

Which of the following may occur majorly with that patient?

  1. Respiratory problem

  2. Urinary problem

  3. Headache

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As cAMP level decreased, there was no specific signalling to active PKA and PKC. As PKA and PKC are important key enzymes to regulate various metabolic pathways which are inter-related to each other leading to respiratory, urinary and neural disorders.

Multiple choice

Rohan takes an iodine-deficienct diet. Which of the following disorders is he likely to suffer from?

  1. Scurvy

  2. Anemia

  3. Goitre

  4. Kwashiorkor

  5. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is due to an iodine deficient diet. The treatment of goitre will depend upon the cause of the goitre. If the goitre was due to a deficiency of iodine in the diet , you will be given iodine supplementsorally. This will lead to a reduction in the size of the goitre but often the goitre will not completely resolve.