Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
(i) Beta cells (A) Antidiuretic hormone
(ii) Addison’s disease (B) Hypothyroidism
(iii) Myxedema (C) Insulin
(iv) Posterior lobe of pituitary (D) Adrenal cortex

  1. (i) – (D), (ii) – (C), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (B)

  2. (i) – (B), (ii) – (D), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (C)

  3. (i) – (C), (ii) – (D), (iii) – (B), (iv) – (A)

  4. (i) – (C), (ii) – (A), (iii) – (D), (iv) – (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

– Beta cells of pancreas produce insulin. – Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex produces Addison’s disease. – Hypothyroidism in adults leads to Myxodema. – ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary.

Multiple choice

People living in hilly areas commonly develop a visible swelling in the neck. Which of the following factors is responsible for it?

  1. Hilly regions have water deficient in fluorine.

  2. Hilly regions have water deficient in sodium.

  3. Hilly regions have soil deficient in iodine.

  4. Hilly regions have soil deficient in nitrogen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hilly regions have soil deficient in iodine leading to insufficient quantity of iodine in food. This causes goitre, which results in swelling of neck.

Multiple choice

A patient is suffering from skin pigmentation, hypoglycaemia, and sensitivity to cold and pain with increased susceptibility to infections. Which of the following is true for this patient?

  1. Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex

  2. Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla

  3. Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex

  4. Hyposecretion of adrenal medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Patient is suffering from Addison's disease, which occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex.

Multiple choice

Heightened emotion is caused by

  1. thyroid gland

  2. adrenal gland

  3. salivary gland

  4. pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive processes. This system consists of a network of ductless glands that regulate and balance the body's hormones, PH, temperature and assimilation of light. The endocrine glands include the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenals.