Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

The disease, which results from the acute deficiency of hormone at a very early stage of infancy, is

  1. gigantic

  2. cretinism

  3. myxoedema

  4. goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cretinism is caused by severe thyroid hormone deficiency during infancy and early childhood, leading to stunted physical and mental growth. Myxoedema occurs in adults with hypothyroidism. Goitre is thyroid enlargement. Gigantism results from excess growth hormone. The key is 'very early stage of infancy'.

Multiple choice

Insufficient dietary iodine causes

  1. cretinism

  2. gigantism

  3. enlarged thyroid

  4. reduced thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Insufficient dietary iodine causes the thyroid gland to enlarge (goitre) as it tries to capture more iodine from the blood to produce thyroid hormones. Cretinism results from iodine deficiency during fetal development. Gigantism is caused by excess growth hormone. The thyroid responds to iodine deficiency by enlarging.

Multiple choice

Hypothyroidism during the adult years causes______________.

  1. myxedema

  2. cretinism

  3. exopthalmic goiter

  4. myopia

  5. hypermetropia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypothyroidism during the adult years causes myxedema. Myxedema is the swelling of the skin and underlying tissues giving a waxy consistency, typical of patients with underactive thyroid glands.

Multiple choice

Diabetes insipidus is due to reduced activity of

  1. anterior lobe of pituitary

  2. posterior lobe of pituitary

  3. intermediate lobe of pituitary

  4. thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin, which is produced in the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary produces different hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin).

Multiple choice

The disease, which results from the acute deficiency of hormone at a very early stage of infancy, is

  1. gigantic

  2. cretinism

  3. myxoedema

  4. goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cretinism results from severe hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency) during early infancy, causing stunted growth and intellectual disability. Gigantism is from excess GH in childhood. Myxoedema is hypothyroidism in adults. Goitre is thyroid enlargement (can be from deficiency or excess).

Multiple choice

Peroxisomal disorders mainly affect

  1. endocrine system

  2. circulatory system

  3. nervous system

  4. excretory system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In animal cells, peroxisomes are involved in synthesis of plasmalogen.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

  1. Adrenal virilism
  2. Addison’s disease
  3. Ateliosis
  4. Conn’s syndrome
  5. Cretinism

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 4

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 3 and 4

  5. 4 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal virilism is the development of male secondary sex characteristics caused by male sex hormones, called androgens, excessively produced by the adrenal gland. Conn's syndrome is a disease of the adrenal glands involving excess production of a hormone, called aldosterone.