Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

PKU or Phenylketunoria is a disease of

  1. gums

  2. heart

  3. liver

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting how the body processes the amino acid phenylalanine. It primarily causes brain and nervous system damage if untreated, not diseases of gums, heart, or liver.

Multiple choice

The thyroid gland of the body becomes overactive in

  1. Giant-cell arteritis

  2. Glomerulonephritis

  3. Goodpasture's syndrome

  4. Graves' disease

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis). This is caused by autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) that activate the TSH-receptor (TSHR), thereby stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and thyroid growth (causing a diffusely enlarged goiter).

Multiple choice

The thyroid gland is gradually destroyed in

  1. Guillain-Barre syndrome

  2. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

  3. Hemolytic anemia

  4. Henoch-Schِnlein purpura

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed by a variety of cell and antibody mediated immune processes.

Multiple choice

Deficiency of iodine causes

  1. Gigantism

  2. Goitre

  3. Cretinism

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine deficiency causes goitre (Option B), which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce hormones, and deficiency leads to compensatory enlargement. Gigantism is caused by growth hormone excess, cretinism by severe congenital hypothyroidism, and diabetes by insulin deficiency.

Multiple choice

Chronic pancreatitis is a type of

  1. endocrinopathy

  2. exocrinopathy

  3. infectious disease

  4. genetic disorder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chronic pancreatitis is a type of exocrinopathy. It is an exocrine disorder that causes extensive damage to the pancreas. It may lead to diabetes.

Multiple choice

Diabetes in a person occurs due to

  1. excess of insulin

  2. deficiency of insulin

  3. excess of thyroxine

  4. deficiency of thyroxine

  5. excess of parathormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following can cause an intracellular shift of potassium ions?

  1. Insulin

  2. Beta 2 agonists

  3. Acidosis

  4. Cholesterol

  5. C reactive protein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin causes potassium entry into cells and insulin is used in the emergency treatment of severe hyperkalaemia. As insulin also causes a fall in blood glucose levels, exogenous glucose is usually given with the insulin to prevent this.

Multiple choice

After complete medical check up, doctor told the patient that he is suffering from hypercalcemia? Which of the following causes hypercalcemia in humans?

  1. Secondary hyper parathyroidism

  2. Primary hyper parathryoidism

  3. Deficiency of vitamin D

  4. Chovstek's syndrome

  5. Acute pancreatitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Excess parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium levels. In primary hyper parathyroidism, there is a primary increase in parathyroid hormone and so a rise in plasma calcium.