Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Select the one for which thyroxine is not responsible.

  1. Depression of metabolism in tissues

  2. Increased oxygen consumption

  3. Increased pulmonary ventilation

  4. Increased basal metabolic rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine is a metabolic stimulant - it increases tissue metabolism, oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, and basal metabolic rate. "Depression of metabolism" means a decrease in metabolic rate, which is the opposite of what thyroxine does. Therefore, depression of metabolism is NOT caused by thyroxine.

Multiple choice

Goitre is caused due to ____.

  1. increased production of TSH hormone

  2. increased production of thyroxin

  3. an iodine deficient diet

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Goitre (thyroid enlargement) has multiple causes: iodine deficiency prevents thyroxine synthesis, increased TSH production stimulates thyroid growth, and increased thyroxine production can also cause enlargement. All listed mechanisms independently cause goitre.

Multiple choice

Thyroxin ____.

  1. contains iodine

  2. does not contain iodine

  3. inhibits the synthesis of iodine compounds in the body

  4. stimulates the synthesis of iodine compounds in the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine is an iodinated hormone - it contains iodine atoms in its molecular structure. This is why iodine is essential for thyroid function. Thyroxine does not inhibit or stimulate iodine compound synthesis in the body.

Multiple choice

If a frog's tadpole produces too much thyroxin, _____.

  1. metamorphosis occurs earlier

  2. metamorphosis is late

  3. metamorphosis will never take place

  4. it dies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine controls metamorphosis timing in frogs. Excess thyroxine accelerates development, causing earlier metamorphosis. Too little thyroxine delays or prevents metamorphosis. This is a key example of hormonal timing control.

Multiple choice

Hyperglycemia is induced by all the following hormones except _____.

  1. epinephrine

  2. thyroxine

  3. glucagons

  4. aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine, thyroxine, and glucagon are all hyperglycemic hormones that increase blood glucose levels. Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis, thyroxine increases metabolic rate and gluconeogenesis, and glucagon directly promotes glucose production. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the kidneys, but does not affect blood glucose levels directly.

Multiple choice

Insulin deficiency ______.

  1. results in increased entry of glucose into cells

  2. results in reduced entry of glucose from liver

  3. results in decreased release of glucose from liver

  4. has no effect on carbohydrate metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice

The lack of insulin results to

  1. hepatitis

  2. sinusitis

  3. diabetes

  4. meningitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. The lack of insulin or insulin resistance leads to diabetes mellitus, where the body cannot properly process glucose. Hepatitis, sinusitis, and meningitis are inflammatory conditions affecting the liver, sinuses, and brain membranes respectively, and are not related to insulin deficiency.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Hyposecretion of somatotropin hormone (STH) causes Simond’s disease. Reason (R): STH is secreted by posterior lobe of pitutary.

Directions: In the following question there are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), consider both the statements independently and mark your answers as under:

1. If A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2. If A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.
3. If A is correct and R is incorrect.
4. If A is incorrect and R is correct.
5. If A and R both are incorrect.

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

  5. 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. A is correct and R is incorrect. Hyposecretion of somatotropin hormone (STH) causes Simond’s disease. STH is secreted by anterior lobe of pitutary.

Multiple choice

The mutations in the NaK2Cl transporter in the loop of Henle causes

  1. Liddle's syndrome

  2. Pseudohypoaldosteronism

  3. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

  4. Gitelman's syndrome

  5. Barrter's syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

In Barrter's syndrome there is a mutation, which inhibits the activity of the NaK2Cl cotransporter. It is the molecule normally inhibited by frusemide. The clinical effects of Barrter''s syndrome are therefore the same as excess frusemide and include loss of sodium, potassium and water. The bodies response to this is to raise aldosterone levels in an attempt to conserve sodium.

Multiple choice

Exophthalmic goiter occurs due to hyper secretion of

  1. endocrine gland

  2. thyriod gland

  3. master gland

  4. pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Exophthalmic goiter (Graves' disease) is caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine). Option B correctly identifies the thyroid gland, though 'thyriod' is misspelled. The thyroid is an endocrine gland, but not all endocrine glands cause this condition.

Multiple choice

Which is the most common form of diabetes?

  1. Type I diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes ketoacidosis

  3. Type II diabetes mellitus

  4. Diabetes insipidus

  5. Diabetic nephropathy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Affects 90-95% of people who have diabetes 

Multiple choice

What is the term indicated to denote a high blood glucose level?

  1. Hyperkalemia

  2. Hyperglycemia

  3. Hyperpnoea

  4. Hypercalcemia

  5. Hypernatremia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in blood plasma. High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.

Multiple choice

Which is the type of diabetes developed due to the destruction of islet cells?

  1. Type1 diabetes

  2. Type2 diabetes

  3. Diabetic retinopathy

  4. Diabetic ketoacidosis

  5. Diabetic neuropathy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It occurs mainly in children and young adults, and the onset is usually sudden. The deficiency or absence of insulin is due to the destruction of islet cells. The causes are familial tendency and genetic involvement. In many cases antibodies to islet cells are present probably in cells previously damaged by infection.