Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Addison's disease is caused by

  1. hypertrophy of gonad

  2. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex

  3. hyperactivity of leydig cells

  4. hypersecretion of pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Addison's disease is characterised by low blood pressure, muscular weakness, loss of appitite and excessive loss of NaCl in the urine. It occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex. 

Multiple choice

Insufficient dietary iodine can cause

  1. cretinism

  2. giant build

  3. enlarged thyroid

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is a critical component for the production of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in dietary iodine causes the thyroid gland to overwork and enlarge, a condition commonly known as goitre.

Multiple choice

Diabetes mellitus is a disease affecting the ________.

  1. metabolism of carbohydrate

  2. metabolism of protein

  3. metabolism of fat

  4. metabolism of triglycerides

  5. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use it. This primarily disrupts the metabolism of carbohydrates, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. While it can affect fat and protein over time, its primary definition involves sugar processing.

Multiple choice

Cushion's disease is ___________.

  1. an endocrine disorder

  2. a cardiovascular disease

  3. a respiratory disease

  4. an orthopedic disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cushing's disease (misspelled as Cushion's in the question) is a serious condition caused by an excess of the hormone cortisol. Since hormones are regulated by the endocrine system, it is classified as an endocrine disorder. The other options refer to cardiovascular, respiratory, or orthopedic systems, which are not the primary systems affected by this disease.

Multiple choice

The deficiency of which of the following causes goiter?

  1. Vitamin B1

  2. Insulin

  3. Bile

  4. Iodine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is most commonly caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet, as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.

Multiple choice

Goiter is a disease which effects the

  1. thyroid gland

  2. gums

  3. indestine

  4. eyes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the neck. It is often caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet.

Multiple choice

Goiter is the caused by the malfunction of which gland?

  1. Adrenal

  2. Parathyroid

  3. Thyroid

  4. Pancreas

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. It is typically caused by an iodine deficiency or an imbalance in thyroid hormones. The adrenal, parathyroid, and pancreas glands are not the primary site of goiter formation.

Multiple choice

Insufficient dietary iodine causes a/an _________.

  1. Cretin

  2. Giant

  3. Enlarged thyroid

  4. Small thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A deficiency leads to the thyroid gland enlarging as it attempts to compensate for the lack of iodine, a condition known as a goiter.

Multiple choice

Why the presence of iodine is necessary in water in which tadpoles are growing?

  1. Iodine gives nourishment to tadpoles.

  2. Iodine keeps external environment suitable for the growth of tadpoles.

  3. Thyroxin production requires iodine which controls metamorphosis in frogs.

  4. Thyroxin secreted by iodine maintains the concentration of salts in water and helps in the development of tadpoles into frogs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is necessary because production of Thyroxine hormone requires iodine which controls metamorphosis in frogs.

Multiple choice

What causes the increase in the height of individuals?

  1. Increase in weight

  2. Excessive calcium in the diet

  3. Elongation of long bones

  4. Stretching of muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

At puberty, the long bones, i.e. the bones of arms and the legs, elongate and make a person tall.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a pair of diseases associated with hyposecretion of thyroxine?

  1. Cretinism and Grave’s disease

  2. Goitre and Plummer’s disease

  3. Grave’s disease and Plummer’s disease

  4. Hashimoto’s disease and Plummer’s disease

  5. Hashimoto’s disease and Myxoedema
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, it is correct. Hashimoto’s disease is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine. Myxoedema is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine.