Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Acromegaly is a condition, which arises due to over secretion of GH in an adult resulting in the development of a large nose and thick lips.

  2. The posterior lobe of pituitary produces growth and tropic hormones.

  3. The pituitary gland is a small projection, which hangs from the base of the mid-brain.

  4. The thyroid is a bilobed structure situated in front of the neck just below the larynx.

  5. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Growth hormones and tropic hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary. Posterior lobe secretes oxytocin and vasopressin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?

  1. Obesity

  2. Hypoglycaemia

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Weakness

  5. Salt and water retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypoglycaemia is a symptom of hyposecretion of adrenal cortex. Cushing’s syndrome is caused by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex and shows symptoms of obesity, hyperglycaemia, osteoporosis, weakness, salt and water retention, etc.

Multiple choice

If insulin is released into blood by beta cells, which of the following will occur? (i) Increased glucose utilisation by body cells (ii) Increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver (iii) Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles (iv) Increased excretion of glucose in urine

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin increases glucose utilisation by body cells and increases conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

(i)Cretinism (A) Shortage of glucose in blood
(ii) Insulin shock (B) Oversecretion of growth hormone
(iii) Acromegaly (C) Dwarfism and mental retardation
(iv) Female characters in male (D) Oversecretion of cortical hormones

  1. (i) – (B), (ii) – (C), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (D)

  2. (i) – (C), (ii) – (A), (iii) – (B), (iv) – (D)

  3. (i) – (C), (ii) – (D), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (B)

  4. (i) – (C), (ii) – (B), (iii) – (D), (iv) – (A)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cretinism leads to dwarfism and mental retardation. In insulin shock, blood glucose level decreases. Acromegaly is caused by oversecretion of growth hormone; oversecretion of cortical hormones leads to appearance of female characteristics in males.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
(i) Beta cells (A) Antidiuretic hormone
(ii) Addison’s disease (B) Hypothyroidism
(iii) Myxedema (C) Insulin
(iv) Posterior lobe of pituitary (D) Adrenal cortex

  1. (i) – (D), (ii) – (C), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (B)

  2. (i) – (B), (ii) – (D), (iii) – (A), (iv) – (C)

  3. (i) – (C), (ii) – (D), (iii) – (B), (iv) – (A)

  4. (i) – (C), (ii) – (A), (iii) – (D), (iv) – (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

– Beta cells of pancreas produce insulin. – Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex produces Addison’s disease. – Hypothyroidism in adults leads to Myxodema. – ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary.

Multiple choice

People living in hilly areas commonly develop a visible swelling in the neck. Which of the following factors is responsible for it?

  1. Hilly regions have water deficient in fluorine.

  2. Hilly regions have water deficient in sodium.

  3. Hilly regions have soil deficient in iodine.

  4. Hilly regions have soil deficient in nitrogen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hilly regions have soil deficient in iodine leading to insufficient quantity of iodine in food. This causes goitre, which results in swelling of neck.