Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Match the following:

a. Calcium 1. Dehydration
b. Iodine 2. Brittle bones
c. Sodium 3. Muscle weakness
d. Potassium 4. Swollen gland in the neck

  1. a - 2, b - 4, c - 1, d - 3

  2. a - 2, b - 4, c - 3, d - 1

  3. a - 4, b - 2, c - 1, d - 3

  4. a - 3, b - 4, c - 1, d - 2

  5. a - 2, b - 1, c - 4, d - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. The deficiency of calcium causes brittle bones, of iodine causes swollen gland in the neck, of sodium causes dehydration and of potassium causes muscle weakness.

Multiple choice

Which of the following conditions arises due to the deficiency of the growth hormone?

  1. gigantism

  2. cretinism

  3. dwarfism

  4. anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dwarfism is the condition caused by deficiency of growth hormone (somatotropin) during childhood. Without adequate growth hormone, the body cannot grow to normal height. Gigantism results from excess growth hormone, cretinism from thyroid hormone deficiency, and anaemia from lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin - none of these are caused by growth hormone deficiency.

Multiple choice

Which one is wrongly matched?

  1. Myxoedema - Swollen facial tissue

  2. Cretinism - Mentally retarded

  3. Grave's disease - Exophthalmic goitre

  4. Insulin - Raised blood sugar

  5. Thymus - Immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is wrong as insulin helps to reduce blood sugar and not raise it. Hence, this option is a mismatch.

Multiple choice

The deficiency of what causes Goitre?

  1. Iodine

  2. Calcium

  3. Protein

  4. Iron

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, which leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland as it tries to compensate for low iodine levels needed to produce thyroid hormones. Calcium deficiency causes bone issues, protein deficiency causes malnutrition, and iron deficiency causes anemia.

Multiple choice

The single best description of type 1 diabetes is that it

  1. results in hyperglycemia

  2. is characterised by the production of autoantibodies

  3. involves a T-cell infiltration into an endocrine gland

  4. involves lymphocyte recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase

  5. occurs at higher frequency in genetically susceptible individuals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is one of the main defining autoantigens in type 1 diabetes along with insulin and IA-2.

Multiple choice

In which disease does the inflammation of joints due to deteriorating metabolism occur?

  1. Scurvy

  2. Goitre

  3. Hay fever

  4. Schizophrenia

  5. Arthritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. The most common form of osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterised by a breakdown of thought processes and by poor emotional responsiveness.

Multiple choice

Goitre is caused by the malfunctioning of

  1. pancreas

  2. pituitary

  3. adrenal

  4. thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, most commonly caused by iodine deficiency. The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize its hormones (T3 and T4). When iodine is deficient, the thyroid enlarges in an attempt to trap more iodine from the blood. Other causes include Graves' disease (autoimmune) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The pancreas (insulin/glucagon), pituitary (growth hormone, ACTH, etc.), and adrenal glands (cortisol, adrenaline) are not directly involved in goiter.

Multiple choice

Stone in the gall bladder or kidneys is a case of __________.

  1. metabolic malfunctioning

  2. inherited disease

  3. deficiency disease

  4. communicable disease

  5. degenerative disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Metabolic malfunctioning is caused when chemical processes in the body do not function properly. Stones in kidneys or gall bladder are caused due to metabolic malfunctioning.