Tag: bio-chemistry

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The cavities of the central nervous system are called the ventricles that are lined with the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is made up of the inserted piamater, blood vessels, the ependymal cells. It is responsible for the formation of the formation of the extracellular fluid called the cerebrospinal fluid which drains the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord. The CSF returns to blood via the arachnoid villi.

• CSF protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma.
• CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue.
• CSF removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.

In diabetes mellitus, either body doesn't make enough insulin, or it can't use the insulin it does produce, or a combination of both. The cells need insulin to take in the glucose and use it for energy. Since, the cells can't take in the glucose, it builds up in blood. Common symptoms include the following: frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, feeling very tired much of the time, very dry skin, sores, that are slow to heal, more infections than usual.

The pancreas is a mixed gland that acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The endocrine part of the pancreas has about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycogenesis resulting in Hypoglycemia(Low blood sugar).

• So, the correct option is 'Hypoglycemia'.

Type II diabetes is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes because they are characterized by impaired insulin secretion with very less or no defects in insulin action.

• Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy. 
• Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. Except in the presence of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. 

• Gestational diabetes is the third main form of diabetes and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood sugar level. 

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hypergylcaemia leads to this disorder. This causes following effects :

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to this complex disorder called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes the following effects :