Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Absorption of amino acid is dependent upon

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Sodium gradient

  2. ATP

  3. Protein gradient

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Amino acids together constitute the proteins. They are absorbed in the blood by active transportation mechanism. They are transported from the lumen into the cells by Na+ amino acid co-transporter using ATP in apical membrane energy by sodium gradient. 
So the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Which of the following mineral is needed for amino acid to pass into the bloodstream?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Potasium

  2. Sodium

  3. Iron

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Amino acids constitute the proteins. They are absorbed in the blood by active transportation using sodium-potassium amino acid transporter. They use ATP in the process and transported from the lumen to the cells against the gradient.
So the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

The villi present on the wall of the small intestine

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Secretes digestive enzyme

  2. Increase surface area for absorption

  3. Hold mucus to protect wall

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:


  • Villi present in small intestine increase intestinal absorptive surface area providing efficient absorption of nutrients in lumen.
  • Mucosa is an innermost layer of tissues seen in the small intestine and is a mucous membrane that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones.
  • A submucosa layer provides blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels to support mucosa on the surface to protect the wall.
So the correct answer is 'Increase surface area for absorption'.

The absorbed fatty acids are used in synthesizing fat in which of the following cells?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Liver cells

  2. Intestinal cells

  3. Cardiac cells

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The absorbed fatty acids are used in synthesizing fat in the intestinal cells. They are primarily stored as fat in the adipose cells. They have an important role in providing energy to the body in fasting.
So the correct answer 'Intestinal cells'.


Which of the following pathways would increase its activity level during starvation?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Fatty acid degradation

  2. Amino acid synthesis

  3. Fatty acid synthesis

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • During starvation the priority of the metabolism in body is to provide sufficeint glucose to the brain and other tissues that are absolutely dependent on this fuel,. 
  • However precursors of the glucose are not abundant at the time of starvation and most of the stored fatty acid is utilised at times like this.
  • These fatty acid cannot be converted to glucose because acetyl CoA cannot be transformed to pyruvate.
  • Therefore the fatty acid that are stored in the body are converted to acetyl CoA and are used in the metabolism to provide energy to the body in the state of starvation.
  • Therefore the answer option 'Fatty acid degradation' is correct.

Absorption of nutrients
Read the following four statements (i) - (iv) with certain mistakes in two of them.
(i) Fructose is generally absorbed by simple diffusion.
(ii) The digestive wastes, solidified into coherent faeces in the rectum initiate an endocrinal action causing an urge or desire for its removal.
(iii) The food mixes thoroughly with the acidic gastric juke of the stomach by the churning movements of its muscular wall and is called the chyme.
(iv) The secretions of the brush border cells of the mucosa alongwith the secretions of the goblet cells constitute the succus entericus.
Which of the above two statements have mistakes?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which of the following statements are incorrect about chylomicrons?


(i) Chylomicrons are produced in the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
(ii) It contains triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
(iii) They are protein-coated small vesicles.
(iv) Chylomicrons are released from the epithelial cell into lacteals.

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Gaucher's disease is concerned with which of the following?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Abnormal fat metabolism

  2. Abnormal protein metabolism

  3. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism

  4. Abnormal vitamin metabolism

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Gaucher's disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder in which glucocerebroside is not degraded and get a deposit in organs like spleen and bone marrow because the enzyme glucocerebrosidase is not able to break the lipid does not form this enzyme.
  • Liver and spleen enlargement (hepatosplenomegaly).
  • Reduction in RBCs number(anaemia).
  • Easy bruising caused, in part, by a low level of platelets (thrombocytopenia).
  • Bone disease (bone pain and fractures).
  • So the correct option is 'Abnormal fat metabolism'.

Small amounts of monosaccharides like glucose, amino acids and some of electrolytes like chloride ions are absorbed by    (i)   . However, some of the substances like fructose and some amino acids are absorbed by the mechanism called the      (ii)    . Various nutrients like amino adds and electrolytes like $Na^{+}$ are absorbed Into the blood by _(iii)   
(i)    (ii)    (iii)

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. facilitated transport active transport simple diffusion

  2. simple diffusion facilitated transport active transport

  3. active transport facilitated transport simple diffusion

  4. simple diffusion active transport facilitated transport

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

(i) simple diffusion

(ii) facilitated transport
(iii) active transport
So, the correct answer is (b).

The absorption of glycerol, fatty acids and monoglycerides takes place by the

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption mechanism absorption digestion

  1. Wall of the stomach

  2. Lymph vessels within the villi

  3. Capillaries within the villi

  4. Colon

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Each villus has a network of capillaries and fine lymphatic vessels called lacteals close to its surface. The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries (amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids). The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body, where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by our body. The food that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine.