Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Condition of concentration of ketone body urine is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Turners syndrome

  2. Sickle cell anaemia

  3. Acromegaly

  4. Diabetes mellitus

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
  •  The condition in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine. 
  • High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death. Hence, the Condition of a concentration of ketone body urine is diabetes mellitus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'diabetes mellitus'.

Ketonuria is due to

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Intake of excess sugar

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. High blood pressure

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead.
  •  This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
  •  ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria). 
  • The accumulation of ketones is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. Ketonuria is also associated with starvation. Hence, Ketonuria is due to diabetes mellitus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Increase of sugar in blood

  2. Increase of sugar in urine

  3. Decrease of sugar in blood

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels.
Hence, due to low insulin levels in diabetes mellitus, there is increased sugar in blood and urine.
Thus, both options A and B are correct. 
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Failure or reduced insulin production causes 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Addison's disease

  4. Cushing's disease

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. 
B. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder in which there is less secretion of ADH due to which there is less water reabsorption in kidneys.
C. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of steroid hormones from adrenal glands. The steroid hormones are cortisol and aldosterone which are secreted from adrenal cortex.
D. Cushing disease occurs due to hypersecretion of cortisol which is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Insulin deficiency causes 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Diabetes insipidus

  2. Goitre

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Diabetes occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels. When insulin levels are low, as in diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level is increased.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Loss of pancreatic beta cells

  2. Resistance to insulin

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Obesity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is a peptide or proteinaceous hormone secreted from the β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. Thus, it decreases blood glucose level. Deficiency of insulin leads to high blood glucose level.
So, the correct answer is 'Loss of pancreatic beta cells'.

Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. 48%

  2. 24%

  3. 4%

  4. 1%

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. 
  • Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.
  • The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Hence, Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is 4%.
So, the correct answer is '4%'.

Which of the following are asssociated with diabetes mellitus, a common diseases in adults?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Select the correct answer by using the codes given:

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 1 and 3

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. As insulin is not present in the blood the glucose cannot be taken up by the cell. Therefore the amount of glucose increases in the blood which leads to the damage of tiny blood vessel in the kidney, heart, eyes and nervous system.

So, the correct option is '1 and 3'

Which one of the following is correct for a normal human? 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. pH of urine is around 8.

  2. On an average, $75-80$ mg of urea is excreted via urine per day.

  3. Presence of ketone bodies in urine is a n indicator of diabetes mellitus.

  4. Relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous contraction of urethral sphincter causes the release of urine.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In a person suffering from diabetes mellitus, degradation of fat increases resulting in the production of ketone bodies. These are acidic and poisonous and get excreted out in urine. Therefore, the presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus. pH of urine is $6$. On an average, $25-30$ gm of urea is excreted via urine daily. Contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causes the release of urine. 
So the correct answer is 'Presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus.'.

Symptoms of diabetes develop more rapidly in _____________

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Type 1 DM

  2. Type 2 DM

  3. Gestational diabetes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Some of the symptoms associated with untreated diabetes mellitus (DM) are weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). 
  • These symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 DM, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 DM. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.