Geography · Science General

Rocks and Earth Materials

1,291 Questions

Study geographical questions centered around rocks, minerals, and earth materials. The focus is on the formation and identification of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. These earth science topics are commonly tested in civil services and state level examinations.

Igneous rocksSedimentary rocksMetamorphic processEarth materialsGeomorphic symbols

Rocks and Earth Materials Questions

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Primary rocks of thermal origin are _________.

  1. Metamorphic rocks

  2. Sedimentary rocks

  3. Igneous rocks

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Igneous rocks are called as primary rocks because they originate during the formation of upper crust of the earth on cooling, solidification and crystallization of hot and liquid magmas after the origin of the earth. 

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Which of the following rocks is different from the remaining three on the basis of its mode of origin ?

  1. Limestone

  2. Sandstone

  3. Shale

  4. Marble
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Limestone, Sandstone, and Shale are examples of sedimentary rocks but Marble is an example of metamorphic rock. 

Sedimentary Rocks - These rocks are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of minerals or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface.
Metamorphic rocks - When the physical and chemical properties of the existing rocks get changed due to high heat and pressure, then metamorphic rocks are formed. Marble, slate are examples of metamorphic rocks.

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Rocks formed by the cooling of the hot masses of the earth or solidification of molten matter are called _______________.

  1. Hard rocks

  2. Igneous rocks

  3. Volcanic rocks

  4. Aqueous rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Igneous rocks are the rocks that are formed by the cooling of hot masses or by the solidification of molten matter, hence option B is correct.
  • Hard rock is any rock that is hard. It is a very general term.
  • Aqueous rocks are the rocks deposited by the water and they get formed in layers or strata.
  • Volcanic rocks are the rocks coming out of the volcanic eruption which are mostly of igneous origin but as already the specific option of Igneous rocks is provided, option D is not the most suitable answer.
Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Rocks formed by the loose and broken fragments of the pre-existing rocks are called __________________.

  1. Sedimentary rocks

  2. Organic rocks

  3. Soft rocks

  4. Volcanic rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • When any rock gets broken it eventually gets eroded and transported to a different place where it settles down in layers. When many layers of such broken materials are piled up and take the form of a rock then it is called a sedimentary rock, hence option A is correct.
  • Soft rock is a general term for any soft rock.
  • Organic rock is a sedimentary rock which has high organic carbon.
Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

If a rock were formed from molten magma, what type of rock is it?

  1. Igneous

  2. Sedimentary

  3. Metamorphic

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Igneous rocks are formed during the formation of the upper crust of the earth on cooling, solidification, and crystallization of hot and liquid magmas after the origin of the earth. Igneous rocks are mostly associated with the volcanic activities and igneous rocks are generally found in the volcanic zones.

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Identify the following igneous rock. It has fine grain size and is extrusive.

  1. Granite

  2. Pumice

  3. Both a and b

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

None of the above


Extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to form small crystals. Some cool so quickly that they form an amorphous glass. These rocks include andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuff.

Andesite is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase with other minerals such as hornblende, pyroxene, and biotite.

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Rocks like sandstone which allow water to seep through readily are called ______________.

  1. Permeable rocks

  2. Sedimentary rocks

  3. Metamorphic rocks

  4. Mushroom rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Permeable rocks are the rocks having interconnected pores which allow the water to seep through them. Hence option A is correct.
  • Sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are a  broad classification of rocks.
  • Mushroom rocks derive their name out of their shape.
Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

When the lava inside the Earth solidifies, it results in the formation of _______________.

  1. sedimentary rocks

  2. plutonic rocks

  3. volcanic rocks

  4. metamorphic rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the lava solidifies before reaching the surface, it gives rise to the rocks called plutonic rocks.
  • Volcanic rocks are formed when lava solidifies on the surface of the earth.
  • Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are not directly related to lava.
  • Hence option B is the correct answer.
Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Stalactities and stalagmites are most common in ___________.

  1. limestone areas

  2. hard rock areas

  3. snow capped areas

  4. desert areas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stalactites and stalagmites are the depositional landforms of limestone areas. The calcareous deposits from dripping of water in dry caves are called dripstones. The columns of dripstones hanging from the cave ceiling are called stalactites while the calcareous columns of dripstones growing upward from the cave floor are known as stalagmites.

Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Which of the following statement is not correct :

  1. Black cotton soil of north-west India was formed by the weathering of basaltic lava rocks

  2. Sedimentary rock are distinguished from other types of rocks by the presence of distinct layers

  3. Granite has large cyrstals quartz feldspar and mica in it

  4. A metamorphic rock is softer and less compact than its original type
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Multiple choice geography rocks and rock cycle lithosphere and asthenosphere rocks and rock types introduction to rocks, volcanoes and earthquakes

Which of the following is called 'Primary rocks'?

  1. Metamorphic rocks

  2. Sedimentary rocks

  3. Igneous rocks

  4. Stratified rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Igneous rocks begin the rock cycle, and are therefore called primary rocks. Two major divisions include- volcanic or extrusive rocks that form when magma is ejected from the Earth's crust, and intrusive rocks, which are created below the surface.