Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

996 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when a factor from mother passes into foetus through placenta _________________.

  1. Rh antigens

  2. Agglutinins

  3. Rh antibodies

  4. ABO antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when an Rh-negative mother develops Rh antibodies against the blood of an Rh-positive fetus, which then cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous a study on animals

Foetus developing in the genital track without getting nourishment from the mother is a case of

  1. Vivipary

  2. Ovipary

  3. Ovo-vivipary

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ovipary is the development of foetus outside the mother's womb. Example, egg-laying birds.

Vivipary is the development of foetus inside the mother's womb along with nourishment from the mother with the help of placenta. Example, humans.
Ovo-vivipary is the development of foetus inside the mother's womb but without nourishment from the mother with the placenta. Example, certain sharks and fishes.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

The transfer of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus is a type of

  1. Naturally acquired passive immunity

  2. Artificially acquired active immunity

  3. Artificially acquired passive immunity

  4. Naturally acquired active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Naturally acquired passive immunity is a type of antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus or infant by its mother. In humans, maternal antibodies are passed through the placenta to the fetus by an FcRn receptor on placental cells.

So, the correct option is 'naturally acquired passive immunity'.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

After birth, colostrum is released from mammary glands which is rich in

  1. fat and low in proteins

  2. proteins and low in fat

  3. proteins, antibodies and low in fat

  4. proteins, fat and low in antbodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

After birth, the first milk released by mammary glands is called colostrum. It is released for 2-3 days. It is thin, yellowish fluid containing cells from the alveoli of glandular tissue of mammary glands and is rich in protein, antibodies, but low in fat.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

Which, of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?

  1. Jaundice

  2. Downs syndrome

  3. Cystic fibrosis

  4. Colour blindness
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amniocentesis is used to detect hereditary and enzymatic abnormalities in the foetus. Down's syndrome cystic fibrosis and colourblindness are genetic disorders while jaundice is an infectious disease.

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems different types of reproduction

Which of the following is high in early marriage?

  1. MMR

  2. BMR

  3. IMR

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

IMR & MMR refer to the infant mortality rate & the maternal mortality rate respectively. While the BMR is the is the basal metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy expenditure by the body . In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, IMR and MMR is high

 So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Which of the following two statements are correct?


(i) Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) during the first trimester is generally safe.
(ii) Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant for up to two years.
(iii) Intrauterine devices like copper-I are effective contraceptives.
(iv) Contraception pills may be taken up to one week after coitus to prevent conception.

  1. (i) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (ii)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is done to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is generally safe up to the first trimester (12 weeks). 
  • CuT (intrauterine device) is an effective contraceptive. Cu ions released by it suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of the sperms. Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant up to 6 months. 
  • Contraceptive pills have to be taken daily for 21 days starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days, it has to be repeated. 
  • Emergency contraceptive pills can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected copulation to prevent pregnancy.

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given below.
(i) MTP's are generally advised during first trimester.
(ii) MTP's are used as a contraceptive method.
(iii) MTP's are always surgical.
(iv) MTP's require the assistance of qualified medical personnel.

  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP). It is less riskier during first trimester (upto 12th week) and requires assistance of qualified medical personnel. It can also be induced using chemical drugs. Mifepristone + prostaglandin are examples of this. These drugs are taken only in the supervision of qualified medical personnel.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iv)'.
Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy(Amendment) Act, 2017 pregnancy may be terminated only below .......... weeks of maternal age with the opinion of a registered medical practitioner

  1. 13 weeks

  2. 14 weeks

  3. 24 weeks

  4. 12 weeks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 pregnancy may be terminated only below 12 weeks of maternal age with the opinion of a registered medical practitioner . After 12 weeks , abortions will only be carried out on the grounds of a serious risk to the health or the life of the mother .  Also there is a list of guidelines setup by the the medical termination act of 1971 which one has to follow while doing the same . 

So the  correct option is '12 weeks' .

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

In which of the following case/s, it is legal to terminate a pregnancy after 12 weeks of maternal age?

  1. The continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman

  2. There is a substantial risk that if the child was born, he/she would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped

  3. To avoid possible pregnancy due to rape

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions 
  • A risk to the life of the pregnant woman 
  • A risk of grave injury to her mental or physical health 
  • If the pregnancy is caused by rape 
  • If the unborn suffer from chromosomal or genetic abnormalities 
  • Failure of the contraceptive used by the couple 
  • So the correct options are both 'The continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman'  & 'There is a substantial risk that if the child was born, he/she would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped'.
Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Which two of the following statements are correct?
a) MTP during first semester is generally safe
b) Chances of conception are nil until mother breast feeds the infant upto two years
c) IUDs like copper-T are effective contraceptives
d) Contraceptive pills may be taken upto one week after coitus to prevent conception

  1. a, c

  2. a, b

  3. b, c

  4. c,d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

a) Medical termination of pregnancy is a induced abortion which is considered safe during the first trimester of pregnancy( i.e upto 12 weeks of pregnancy). However, these are much more riskier in second trimester of pregnancy.

b) Chances of conception are almost nil as long as the mother lactates fully. This method is considered effective only upto a maximum period of six months.
c) IUDs like copper T are effective contraceptives. It prevent implantation.
d) Pills are normally taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first five days of menstrual cycle.
So, the correct answer is 'a,c'.

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

MTP is considered safe upto how many weeks of pregnancy?

  1. Six

  2. Eight

  3. Twelve

  4. Eighteen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimester abortions are much more risker.
So, the correct option is 'Twelve'.
Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Induced abortion is

  1. IUD

  2. MTP

  3. STD

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

IUD- Intrauterine devices is a temporary method to prevent implantation.

MTP- Medical termination of pregnancy is intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before the foetus becomes viable. It is also called induced abortion.
STD- Sexually transmitted diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected persons.
So, the correct answer is 'MTP'.