Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

996 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Human placenta is

  1. Haemochorial

  2. Syndesmochorial

  3. Yolk sac

  4. Haemo-endothelial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Placenta, an organ characteristic of true mammals during pregnancy, joining mother and offspring, providing endocrine secretion and selective exchange of soluble blood borne substances through apposition of uterine and trophoblastic vascularized parts. In humans, haemochorial placenta is found in which all maternal layers are lost, so that foetal tissue is in contact with maternal blood. It is also seen in rodents, and most primates
So, the correct answer is 'Haemochorial'
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The _____ is connecting structure which helps in the transfer of substance to and from the foetal body.

  1. Placenta

  2. Ovary

  3. Uterus

  4. vagina
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination and gas exchange.
Ovary produces egg or ovum. Uterus is where implantation takes places and embryo develops. Vagina is the fibromuscular organ that facilitates sexual intercourse and childbirth.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The placenta functions as

  1. A protective barrier between mother and embryo

  2. Supply oxygen and nutrients for growth of embryo

  3. Expel the waste matter excreted by the embryo

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is the region which is the main connection between mother and child. It connects the umbilical cord of the developing foetus to the mother's uterine wall to perform several functions. It acts as a barrier between the mother and embryo. It helps in the nutrient uptake, waste elimination, thermoregulation and gas exchange in the foetus through the mother's blood supply. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Placenta is the region, where

  1. Foetus is supplied by maternal blood

  2. Embryo is attached to mother by notocord

  3. Foetus receives maternal blood and nutrition

  4. Embryo is enclosed by membranes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's umbilical cord arises from it. In most pregnancies, the placenta attaches to the top or side of the uterus. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Foetus is nourished by

  1. Placenta

  2. Yolk

  3. Sertoli cells

  4. Phagocytosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A placenta is formed from interdigitation of the trophoblast layer of the embryo and the endometrial lining during implantation. It facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing foetus and is also responsible for removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste products of the foetus.

Yolk sac along with the allantois layer forms the umbilical cord, the connection between the embryo and the placenta.
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of bacteria and other foreign agents by the defence system of the body.  So the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

In simplest type of placenta, six barriers separate maternal blood from foetal blood. How many barriers are lost in human placenta?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
In human placenta, the barriers include uterine epithelium, uterine connective tissue and endothelium of maternal blood vessels are absent.
So the correct option is 'Three.'
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which one is not a character of haemochorial placenta?

  1. $CO _2$ and excretory products pass from foetus to mother's body.
  2. $O _2$ and nutrients from mother's body enter the foetus.

  3. Chorion villi are covered by blood sinuses of mother.

  4. It protects foetus from mechanical shocks.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The haemochorial placenta is the type of placenta in which maternal blood is in direct contact with the chorionic villi which are covered by maternal blood and exchange of gases and nutrients from mother's blood and foetus takes place as observed in humans.

So the correct option is 'It protects foetus from mechanical shocks'

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which is not correct about placenta?

  1. It prevents passage of maternal IgG to foetus.

  2. It acts as foetal lung.

  3. It acts as foetal liver.

  4. It acts as endocrine gland.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin during pregnancy.
So, the correct option is 'It prevents passage of maternal IgG to the foetus'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following is not the function of placenta?

  1. Secretes oxytocin during parturition
  2. Facilitates supply of $O _2$ and nutrients to embryo

  3. Secretes estrogen
  4. Facilitates removal of $CO _2$ and waste products from embryo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to an embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin.
So, the correct option is 'Secretes oxytocin during parturition'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

What is placenta? 

  1. Special tissue connection between embryo and uterine wall

  2. Facilitate passage of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood

  3. Waste substances produced by embryo are removed through placenta into mothers blood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Placenta is a special organ or tissue that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It allows nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produces a hormone to support pregnancy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Considering the following:
1) Endothellium of foetal blood capillaries 
2) Connective tissues surrounding foetal blood capillaries
3) Chorionic epithelium
4) Maternal epithelium 
5) Connective tissue surrounding maternal blood capillaries 
6) Endothelium of maternal blood capilaries 
In the case of humans, the placenta comprises which of the above?

  1. 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

  2. 1, 2, 3 and 6

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human placenta has chorionic epithelial cells. It has maternal endothelial cells of blood capillaries, maternal endometrial epithelium and endothelium of foetal blood capillaries. The foetal connective tissue surrounds the foetal endothelial blood capillaries. The maternal connective tissue surrounds the maternal blood capillaries. 

Thus, the correct answer is '1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The placenta

  1. is formed by the inner portion of the chorion

  2. contacts a portion of the mothers endometrium

  3. allows the fetus and the mother to exchange nutrients and waste products

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory/waste materials produced by the embryo. It is formed from the chorion. 

So the correct option is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

State whether the following statements are true or false .
The placenta in humans is the true placenta in which foetal and maternal parts can be easily separated without any bleeding.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is delivered as part of the afterbirth with a small gush of blood, from a few minutes to a half hour after the baby arrives. The doctor or midwife will examine it to make sure it's intact and that nothing has been left behind in the uterus
So, the correct answer is 'False'