Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

964 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice

The structure Placenta is an association of tissues between the

  1. oviducal wall of the mother and uterine wall of the foetus

  2. oviducal wall of both mother and foetus

  3. uterine walls of both mother and foetus

  4. uterine walls of mother and some other parts of foetus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The structure Placenta is an association of tissues between the uterine walls of the mother and some other parts of foetus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are not correct?

  1. Immunoglobulin E is the most abundant immunoglobulin.
  2. Immunoglobulin G is the only antibody to cross placenta.
  3. Immunoglobulin M is the largest immunoglobulin.

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. 1 and 2

  5. 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunoglobulin G is most abundant Immunoglobulins (80% of the total Immunoglobulins) whereas Immunoglobulin E is the least abundant immunoglobulins (0.1% of the total Immunoglobulins).

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a true statement in an otherwise normal gestation in human beings?

  1. In the presence of SRY, a female phenotype will develop.

  2. In the absence of SRY, a female phenotype will develop.

  3. SRY is located on the X chromosome.

  4. Only one X chromosome is necessary for normal ovarian development.

  5. In humans, birth normally occurs at a gestational age of about 36 weeks.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is correct. If SRY is absent, a fetus will develop into a female phenotype.

Multiple choice

Maternal physiologic adaptations to pregnancy include all of the following except ________.

  1. vasodilatation

  2. increased tidal volume

  3. decreased renal glomerular filtration

  4. darkening of the skin on the cheeks

  5. increase in plasma volume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Renal glomerular filtration increases rather than decreases during pregnancy. Consider that during pregnancy the maternal circulating blood volume increases and along with that comes an increase in the renal blood flow simply because of the increased volume. An increase in renal blood flow correlates with an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. Filtration increases by as much as 50% by mid-pregnancy.

Multiple choice

Which type of placenta occurs in monkeys?

  1. Bidiscoidal placenta

  2. Discoidal placenta

  3. Zonary placenta

  4. Cotyledonary placenta

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Here the placenta consists of two disc-shaped villous areas.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true about the role of placenta?

  1. Hormones like insulin, steroids, thyroid hormones, etc. cross the placenta at a very slow rate.

  2. Excretory wastes such as urea, uric acid and creatinine from the fetus are excreted to the maternal blood through placenta by diffusion.

  3. Intake of oxygen and out-take of carbon dioxide occurs by simple diffusion across the fetal membrane.

  4. The placenta during first half of pregnancy is permeable to bacteria and macromolecules.

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It is not true as the placenta is impermeable to bacteria and macromolecules. Therefore, it reduces the chances of appearance of maternal ill health on the fetus.

Multiple choice

What is correct about amniocentesis?

  1. Intrauterine diagnosis

  2. Withdrawal of allantoic fluid from pregnant women.

  3. Chemical analysis of fluids of pregnant women.

  4. Culturing amniotic cells and study of metaphasic chromosomes to identify chromosomal abnormality.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used for prenatal diagnosis. It involves extracting amniotic fluid to analyze the fetal cells for chromosomal abnormalities.

Multiple choice

Which of the following does not characterise mother-foetus Rh incompatibility problems?

  1. These can be prevented by injecting Rho-GAM into the mother's body.

  2. These are much less likely to take place during the first pregnancy of the mother.

  3. Medical treatment is about 99% effective in preventing all the related problems.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All the above statements characterise mother-fetus Rh incompatibility problems.

Multiple choice

In which of the following procedures usually a small flexible plastic tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus?

  1. Amniocentesis

  2. Chorionic villi sampling

  3. Alpha-feto protein screening

  4. Pregnancy ultrasound
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This method is used to draw out a sample of chorion tissue for cell culturing. As with amniocentesis, ultrasound monitoring helps to prevent damage to the unborn child during the sampling procedure.

Multiple choice

Mrs. Xyz is seven months pregnant and suffering from urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements is false regarding urinary tract infection?

  1. It causes the occurrence of white cells in urine.

  2. Upper urinary tract infection is minimised during pregnancy.

  3. It can cause renal damage if it involves the kidneys.

  4. Lower urinary tract infection is a superficial infection.

  5. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The common causes of urinary tract infection are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus species. Staphylococci are not the common cause of urinary tract infection.

Multiple choice

Gestation period is the time between

  1. birth and puberty

  2. birth and fertilisation

  3. the foetus forming and being born

  4. fertilisation and birth of the young one
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

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Multiple choice

Prenatal period is also known as

  1. post-embryonic period

  2. insemination

  3. gametogenesis

  4. embryonic period
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Includes events from the formation of embryo to the time of birth