Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

964 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which is not correct about placenta?

  1. It prevents passage of maternal IgG to foetus.

  2. It acts as foetal lung.

  3. It acts as foetal liver.

  4. It acts as endocrine gland.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin during pregnancy.
So, the correct option is 'It prevents passage of maternal IgG to the foetus'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following is not the function of placenta?

  1. Secretes oxytocin during parturition
  2. Facilitates supply of $O _2$ and nutrients to embryo

  3. Secretes estrogen
  4. Facilitates removal of $CO _2$ and waste products from embryo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to an embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin.
So, the correct option is 'Secretes oxytocin during parturition'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

What is placenta? 

  1. Special tissue connection between embryo and uterine wall

  2. Facilitate passage of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood

  3. Waste substances produced by embryo are removed through placenta into mothers blood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Placenta is a special organ or tissue that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It allows nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produces a hormone to support pregnancy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Considering the following:
1) Endothellium of foetal blood capillaries 
2) Connective tissues surrounding foetal blood capillaries
3) Chorionic epithelium
4) Maternal epithelium 
5) Connective tissue surrounding maternal blood capillaries 
6) Endothelium of maternal blood capilaries 
In the case of humans, the placenta comprises which of the above?

  1. 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

  2. 1, 2, 3 and 6

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human placenta has chorionic epithelial cells. It has maternal endothelial cells of blood capillaries, maternal endometrial epithelium and endothelium of foetal blood capillaries. The foetal connective tissue surrounds the foetal endothelial blood capillaries. The maternal connective tissue surrounds the maternal blood capillaries. 

Thus, the correct answer is '1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The placenta

  1. is formed by the inner portion of the chorion

  2. contacts a portion of the mothers endometrium

  3. allows the fetus and the mother to exchange nutrients and waste products

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory/waste materials produced by the embryo. It is formed from the chorion. 

So the correct option is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

State whether the following statements are true or false .
The placenta in humans is the true placenta in which foetal and maternal parts can be easily separated without any bleeding.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The placenta is delivered as part of the afterbirth with a small gush of blood, from a few minutes to a half hour after the baby arrives. The doctor or midwife will examine it to make sure it's intact and that nothing has been left behind in the uterus
So, the correct answer is 'False'
Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when a factor from mother passes into foetus through placenta _________________.

  1. Rh antigens

  2. Agglutinins

  3. Rh antibodies

  4. ABO antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when an Rh-negative mother develops Rh antibodies against the blood of an Rh-positive fetus, which then cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous a study on animals

Foetus developing in the genital track without getting nourishment from the mother is a case of

  1. Vivipary

  2. Ovipary

  3. Ovo-vivipary

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ovipary is the development of foetus outside the mother's womb. Example, egg-laying birds.

Vivipary is the development of foetus inside the mother's womb along with nourishment from the mother with the help of placenta. Example, humans.
Ovo-vivipary is the development of foetus inside the mother's womb but without nourishment from the mother with the placenta. Example, certain sharks and fishes.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

The transfer of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus is a type of

  1. Naturally acquired passive immunity

  2. Artificially acquired active immunity

  3. Artificially acquired passive immunity

  4. Naturally acquired active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Naturally acquired passive immunity is a type of antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus or infant by its mother. In humans, maternal antibodies are passed through the placenta to the fetus by an FcRn receptor on placental cells.

So, the correct option is 'naturally acquired passive immunity'.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

After birth, colostrum is released from mammary glands which is rich in

  1. fat and low in proteins

  2. proteins and low in fat

  3. proteins, antibodies and low in fat

  4. proteins, fat and low in antbodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

After birth, the first milk released by mammary glands is called colostrum. It is released for 2-3 days. It is thin, yellowish fluid containing cells from the alveoli of glandular tissue of mammary glands and is rich in protein, antibodies, but low in fat.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

At the time of birth presence of which antibody indicates the infection of foetus?(Intrauterine infection)

  1. IgG

  2. IgD

  3. IgM

  4. IgA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

IgM is the largest antibody and the first to be synthesized by a fetus in response to an intrauterine infection. Because IgM is a pentamer, it cannot cross the placental barrier from the mother, meaning any IgM detected in a newborn's blood originates from the fetus itself due to an active infection.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

Which, of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?

  1. Jaundice

  2. Downs syndrome

  3. Cystic fibrosis

  4. Colour blindness
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amniocentesis is used to detect hereditary and enzymatic abnormalities in the foetus. Down's syndrome cystic fibrosis and colourblindness are genetic disorders while jaundice is an infectious disease.

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems different types of reproduction

Which of the following is high in early marriage?

  1. MMR

  2. BMR

  3. IMR

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

IMR & MMR refer to the infant mortality rate & the maternal mortality rate respectively. While the BMR is the is the basal metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy expenditure by the body . In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, IMR and MMR is high

 So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Which of the following two statements are correct?


(i) Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) during the first trimester is generally safe.
(ii) Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant for up to two years.
(iii) Intrauterine devices like copper-I are effective contraceptives.
(iv) Contraception pills may be taken up to one week after coitus to prevent conception.

  1. (i) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (ii)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is done to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is generally safe up to the first trimester (12 weeks). 
  • CuT (intrauterine device) is an effective contraceptive. Cu ions released by it suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of the sperms. Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant up to 6 months. 
  • Contraceptive pills have to be taken daily for 21 days starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days, it has to be repeated. 
  • Emergency contraceptive pills can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected copulation to prevent pregnancy.