Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

996 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The placenta is attached to the developing seed near the

  1. Testa

  2. Hilum

  3. Micropyle

  4. Chalaza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is attached to the developing seed near hilum. It is the scar located nearthe edge where seed breaks from stalk of funiculus, i.e., connecting the seed with fruitwall and placenta. 


Rest of the options are incorrect as Testa is the outer most covering of seed, micropyle is a small opening in seed coatthrough which water enters seed and chalaza is a tissue where nucellus and integument are joined. Nutrients from the plant travel through vascular tissue in the funiculus and outer integuments through the chalaza into the nucellus. 

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorized as

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. Cellular immunity

  4. Innate non-specific immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Short-lived immunity acquired from mothers to foetus across placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorized as passive immunity. In passive immunity there is transfer of preformed antibodies in host to a recipient. In this case, the resistance is passively transferred from the mother to the foetus through placenta or through mother's milk. So, the correct answer is 'Passive immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Short lived immunity acquired by foetus/infant from mother through placenta /milk is 

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. Cellular immunity

  4. Innate nonspecific immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies (exogenous). Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus or child through the placenta or milk, and it can also be induced artificially when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies. Passive immunity is short-lived, as long as antibodies persist in the body. It is seen in cases where a patient needs immediate protection from a foreign body and cannot form antibodies quickly enough independently.

So, the correct answer is 'Passive immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Immunity that develops in foetus after receiving antibodies from mother's blood through placenta is 

  1. naturally acquired active immunity

  2. artificially acquired active immunity

  3. naturally acquired passive immunity

  4. artificially acquired passive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The antibodies which foetus receives from mother's blood through placenta are not produced in the body of the foetus so, it is a type of  passive immunity and because these antibodies were developed in mother's body due to repeated exposure to antigens, this  is a naturally acquired immunity 
So, the correct answer is 'naturally acquired passive immunity'
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Short lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across the placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorised  as 

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. CMI

  4. Auto immunity

  5. Innate immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta and through colostrum (mother's milk), and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from animals) are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies. Passive immunity is short lived.

So, the correct answer is 'Passive immunity'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

$Rh^-$ mother carries $Rh^+$ foetus. The foetus is at risk of disease called

  1. Haemophilia

  2. Haemolytic disease

  3. Tuberculosis

  4. Syphilis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When an Rh-negative mother is exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood, she produces antibodies that can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, a condition known as haemolytic disease of the newborn.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

Problem related to Rh factor arias when $Rh^+$ and $Rh^-$ bloods mix up

  1. In test tube

  2. Through transfusion

  3. Through pregnancy

  4. Both A and C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Rh incompatibility causes clinical problems primarily through two routes: blood transfusion (Rh- recipient receives Rh+ blood) and pregnancy (Rh- mother carrying Rh+ fetus). Of the options given, transfusion is directly stated as correct. While pregnancy also causes Rh problems, the question specifically asks about 'bloods mix up', which most directly refers to transfusion.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

In which of the following situations, there is risk of erythroblastosis foetalis

  1. Mother $Rh^+$, father $Rh^+$
  2. Mother $Rh^-$, father $Rh^-$
  3. Mother $Rh^-$, father $Rh^+$
  4. Mother $Rh^+$, father $Rh^-$.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, leading to maternal antibody production against fetal red blood cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

If the foetus is Rh (+) ve and the mother is Rh (-) ve, then

  1. Foetus will transmit blood toxin to mother

  2. Foetus will transmit antibody to mother's blood

  3. Foetus is attacked by antibodies of mother's blood

  4. Foetus is attacked by antigen of mother's blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In Rh incompatibility, maternal antibodies against the Rh antigen cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells, leading to their destruction.

Multiple choice zoology immunity and blood groups compatibility of blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance

The problem of erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when 

  1. Both father and mother are Rh positive

  2. Both father and mother are Rh negative

  3. Mother is Rh positive and father is Rh negative

  4. Father is Rh positive and mother is Rh negative
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

If a woman who is Rh- negative married to a man who is Rh- positive produces a baby may have Rh- positive blood, inherited from the father. Rh antibodies are harmless until the mother's second or later pregnancies. If she is ever carrying another Rh- positive child, her Rh antibodies will recognize the Rh proteins on the surface of the baby's blood cells as foreign and attack those cells. This can lead to rupture of the baby's RBCs known as haemolytic or Rh disease of the newborn or erythroblastosis foetalis. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology immunity and blood groups compatibility of blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance

Chances of erythroblastosis foetalis occurring during second pregnancy when the baby is

  1. $Rh^+$ and mother $Rh^-$
  2. $Rh^+$ and mother $Rh^+$
  3. $Rh^-$ and mother is $Rh^+$
  4. $Rh^-$ and mother $Rh^-$.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when an Rh-negative mother has developed antibodies against Rh-positive blood during a previous pregnancy.

Multiple choice zoology immunity and blood groups compatibility of blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance

If a women becomes pregnant second time, the foetus is in danger when

  1. Mother is Rh (+) ve and foetus is Rh (-) ve

  2. Mother is Rh (-) ve and foetus is Rh (+) ve

  3. Father is Rh (-) ve and foetus is Rh (+) ve

  4. Father is Rh (+) ve and foetus is Rh (-) ve.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The danger exists when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive, allowing for potential antibody transfer.

Multiple choice zoology immunity and blood groups compatibility of blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance

The problem due to Rh factor arises when the two blood (Rh${^+}$ and Rh${^-}$ ) mix up

  1. In a test tube

  2. Through transfusion

  3. During pregnancy

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rh incompatibility arises when mother and the baby carries different protein factors. The problem arises when mother is Rh negative and the child she is carrying is Rh positive. This can take place even when two blood groups with different proteins are either mixed in a test tube or transfused into a person. Rh negative people do not have this protein and if Rh positive blood is mixed with Rh negative blood anti Rh antibodies develop which can lead to problems.