Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

964 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Delivery of developed foetus is

  1. Ovulation

  2. Oviposition

  3. Parturition

  4. Abortion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The delivery of the developed foetus after 9 months is known as parturition. Ovulation is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. 

Oviposition is known as the egg-laying stage.
Abortion is the ending of the pregnancy before time. If it is abrupt then it is known as a miscarriage but if the abortion is surgical and through pills, it is known as induced abortion.
So, the correct option is 'Parturition'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Thick yellow, high protein fluid produced by mammary glands of a woman during first $2-3$ days after child birth is

  1. Meconium

  2. Hymen

  3. Cumulus oophorus

  4. Colostrum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The mammary glands undergo differentiation during pregnancy and start producing milk towards the end of pregnancy by the process called lactation.
The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation – colostrum. It is thick and yellow in colour. It contains several antibodies essential to develop resistance for new-borns.
so, the correct option is 'Colostrum'.
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the parturition?

  1. The signals of parturition originate from fully developed foetus and ovary

  2. Relaxin hormine relaxes the pubic symphysis during parturition

  3. Thyroxine is a main parturition hormone

  4. HCG is responsible for labour pain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is the process of giving birth to the child.

A)its signal starts from the mature fetus.
B)Relaxin hormone relaxes the pubic symphysis during parturition by softening and lightening pubic symphysis.
C)Oxytocin is the main parturition hormone.
D)HCG is responsible for labor pain.
So the correct option is 'Thyroxine is the main parturition hormone'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

In which month, can the foetal movements be observed?

  1. $1^{st}$
  2. $5^{th}$
  3. $3^{rd}$
  4. $4^{th}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
During the first pregnancy, it may not feel that the baby will move until closer to 25 weeks. By the second pregnancy, some women start to feel movements as early as 13 weeks. The first kicking activity is seen in the 5th month.
So, the correct option is '5th'. 
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Find the correct statements.
a. By the end of $2^{nd}$ month of pregnancy, foetus limbs and digits develop
b. By the end of $1^{st}$ trimester, most of the major organs are formed in basic form.
c. Signal for parturition originates from fully developed foetus and placenta
d. Lactation starts after the end of pregnancy period

  1. a & c

  2. c & d

  3. b, c & d

  4. a, b, c & d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It has been observed that by the end of the second month of pregnancy period, the foetus develops limbs and digits. Also, by the end of the first trimester (12 weeks), most of the major organs are developed, for instance, the limbs and external genital organs. The signals for parturition derives from the fully developed foetus and the placenta that further leads to mild uterine contraction referred to as foetal ejection reflex. By the end of pregnancy, the mammary glands initiate producing milk by the lactation process. 

So, the correct answer is option D, a, b, c & d. 

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by?

  1. Differentiation of mammary gland

  2. Pressure exerted by amniotic fluid

  3. Release of oxytocin from pituitary

  4. Fully developed foetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • When a woman is in a lithotomy or semi-sitting position, the Foetal Ejection Reflux is impaired and the increased pain caused by the sacrum’s inability to move as the baby descends can be intolerable
  • Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by fully developed foetus and placenta. so, option D is correct
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Child birth is called as

  1. Pregnancy

  2. Parturition

  3. Menstruation

  4. Menopause
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is the process of expulsion of the child from the uterus or womb. It involves three stages- shortening and the opening of the cervix, descent and birth of the baby, and pushing out of the placenta. It is also known as childbirth. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Gestation period of rat is

  1. 20 - 22 days

  2. 28 - 32 days

  3. 52 - 65 days

  4. 60 - 65 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The gestation period is the time in which the fetus develops, which starts with the fertilization and ends with the birth. The gestation period of brown rat is 21 days.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), '20-22 days'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by

  1. Release of oxytocin from pituitary

  2. Pressure exerted by amniotic fluid

  3. Differentiation of mammary glands

  4. Fully developed foetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

So, the correct answer is 'fully developed fetus and placenta'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following is not the reason for very high load of bilirubin in a new born?

  1. Excessive red blood corpuscles in the new born burst, releasing bilirubin.

  2. Insoluble bilirubin in the intestine is reabsorbed by the blood.

  3. Liver of the new born is too young to cope with the heavy load of bilirubin.

  4. Mother's milk contains a high amount of bilirubin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

End of pregnancy leads to the initiation of the lactation period. This helps the mother in feeding the newborn. The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains several antibodies and high content of bilirubin which protects the newborn baby.

So, the correct option is 'Mother's milk contains a high amount of bilirubin'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Signals for parturition originate from

  1. Fully developed foetus only

  2. Placenta only

  3. Oxytocin released by maternal pituitary

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin is released from maternal pituitary and it acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

so, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Foetal heart is formed in second month

  2. Foetus shows movements for the first time in seventh month

  3. hPL has a major role in parturition

  4. Signal for parturition comes from fully developed foetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Forceful muscular contractions of uterine wall are involved in

  1. Implantation

  2. Lactation

  3. Micturition

  4. Parturition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition or childbirth is the event of bringing a child into the world from the uterus of the mother. It is the apotheosis of pregnancy. It involves forceful muscle contractions of the uterine wall which push the child out of the womb through the vaginal canal.

So, the correct answer is 'Parturition'.