Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

996 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Child birth is called as

  1. Pregnancy

  2. Parturition

  3. Menstruation

  4. Menopause
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is the process of expulsion of the child from the uterus or womb. It involves three stages- shortening and the opening of the cervix, descent and birth of the baby, and pushing out of the placenta. It is also known as childbirth. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Gestation period of rat is

  1. 20 - 22 days

  2. 28 - 32 days

  3. 52 - 65 days

  4. 60 - 65 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The gestation period is the time in which the fetus develops, which starts with the fertilization and ends with the birth. The gestation period of brown rat is 21 days.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), '20-22 days'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by

  1. Release of oxytocin from pituitary

  2. Pressure exerted by amniotic fluid

  3. Differentiation of mammary glands

  4. Fully developed foetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

So, the correct answer is 'fully developed fetus and placenta'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following is not the reason for very high load of bilirubin in a new born?

  1. Excessive red blood corpuscles in the new born burst, releasing bilirubin.

  2. Insoluble bilirubin in the intestine is reabsorbed by the blood.

  3. Liver of the new born is too young to cope with the heavy load of bilirubin.

  4. Mother's milk contains a high amount of bilirubin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

End of pregnancy leads to the initiation of the lactation period. This helps the mother in feeding the newborn. The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains several antibodies and high content of bilirubin which protects the newborn baby.

So, the correct option is 'Mother's milk contains a high amount of bilirubin'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Signals for parturition originate from

  1. Fully developed foetus only

  2. Placenta only

  3. Oxytocin released by maternal pituitary

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin is released from maternal pituitary and it acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

so, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Foetal heart is formed in second month

  2. Foetus shows movements for the first time in seventh month

  3. hPL has a major role in parturition

  4. Signal for parturition comes from fully developed foetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is an induced Complex neuroendocrine mechanism. In this signals are originated from a fully developed fetus and placenta. This lead to mild uterine contractions and hence fetal ejection reflex. Then oxytocin acts on uterine muscles leading to strong uterine contractions. This further continues to stronger and stronger contractions. As a result, the baby is expelled out of the uterus with placenta through the birth canal. 

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Forceful muscular contractions of uterine wall are involved in

  1. Implantation

  2. Lactation

  3. Micturition

  4. Parturition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition or childbirth is the event of bringing a child into the world from the uterus of the mother. It is the apotheosis of pregnancy. It involves forceful muscle contractions of the uterine wall which push the child out of the womb through the vaginal canal.

So, the correct answer is 'Parturition'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The signals for parturition originate from

  1. Placenta only

  2. Placenta as well as fully developed foetus

  3. Oxytocin released from maternal pituitary

  4. Fully developed foetus only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is the process of giving birth or delivery. The signals for parturition originate from the placenta as well as fully developed foetus. Both these induces uterine contractions. These uterine contractions are called as foetal ejection reflex. This then stimulates the release of oxytocin hormone from the maternal pituitary gland. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Placenta as well as fully developed foetus.'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Women who consumed thalidomide as antivomiting drug during early months of pregnancy gave birth to children with

  1. Harelip

  2. Extra fingers and toes

  3. Undeveloped limbs

  4. No spleen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Thalidomide is a teratogen. It is prescribed to pregnant woman to get relief from nausea during pregnancy. Teratogens are the drugs which can cause foetal abnormalities if given to a pregnant woman. These drugs can cross the placenta as it does not acts as a barrier. Thalidomide is a synthetic teratogen which causes phocomelia, a condition of undeveloped limbs (or seal like limbs) in new born babies. Sometimes, the fingers are also fused.
So, the correct answer is 'Undeveloped limbs'.
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Fetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by

  1. Differentiation of mammary glands

  2. Pressure exerted by amniotic fluid

  3. Release of oxytocin from pituitary

  4. Fully developed fetus and placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by fully developed foetus and placeta which causes mild contraction. This induces the release of oxytocin from maternal posterior pituitary ultimately leading to parturation due to strong contractions.

So, the correct option is 'fully developed foetus and placenta'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The normal gestation period in humans is 

  1. 270 days

  2. 290 days

  3. 280 days

  4. 295 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Gestation period is the time period of foetal development from the day of conception until birth. The normal gestation period in humans is about 40 weeks or 280 days. This time period is calculated after the onset of woman's last period.
So, the correct answer is '280 days'.
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The period of time from conception of the zygote to delivery of the fetus is called

  1. implantation

  2. gastrulation

  3. fertilization

  4. gestation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 Gestation in mammals is the time between conception and birth, during which the embryo or fetus is developing in the uterus. The gestation period in humans is about 40 weeks.
So the correct option is 'gestation'.
Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The mother gives birth to the child when the development of the _____ is complete.

  1. Utrus

  2. Zygote

  3. Foetus

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Birth occurs when foetal development is complete, typically around 38-40 weeks of gestation. The zygote is the initial single-cell stage formed at fertilization, not the developed stage ready for birth. The uterus is the organ, not the developing organism. At birth, the foetus has developed all major organ systems and is ready to survive outside the womb. Thus, completion of foetal development is the prerequisite for birth.