Microorganisms in Food Production

The most common bacteria responsible for fermentation of dairy milk are Lactobacillus species. Bacteria like Lactococcus and Leuconostoc are also used in production of fermented milk products. Lactobacillus produce lactic acid from lactose by the process of glucose fermentation. This also increases acidity and sours and thickens the milk.

The fermentation of Idli and Dosa batter is a complex process involving multiple lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus faecalis.

Yoghurt are produced from cultures of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.Acetobacter aceti has no role in production of yoghurt.

Lactobacillus and Streptococcus that are capable of lactic acid fermentation are used in the flavouring of yogurt.

Propionibacterium Sharmani or P.Sharmani is the bacterium used for the production of a large amount of CO2 for making large holes in cheese.

Drying food removes the moisture necessary for the growth of bacteria, yeast, and moulds, thereby inhibiting their ability to spoil the food.

The antibiotics are the chemical compounds which is produced by one organism which inhibit the growth of the other organism. The antibiotics can be used for the control of the growth of the bacteria or organisms causing infections. The microorganisms like the bacterial and fungal species are used for the production of the antibiotics which can be used for the control of other microorganisms.

Biogas is a mixture of gases consists primarily methane and carbon dioxide  that produced by the breakdown of organic substance into such gases  in complete lack of oxygen. This biogas production can only be done by anaerobic breakdown of biomass. As methanogens are also anaerobic bacteria. The correct answer must be 'Both (b) and (c).

• Methanogens are present in the rumen of cattle that is present in dung as well. Methanogens acts on the cellulose content of the and  It helps in the production of methane gas that is a component of biogas.
  
• Hence Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas is a correct statement.
• So, the correct answer is 'Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas'.

The breakdown of complex polymers like cellulose into simpler monomers is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. This hydrolysis step is often the slowest part of the process.

(a) Fermenting malted cereals produces ethanol (iii). (b) Swiss cheese production involves CO2 release (v). (c) Myocardial infarction is associated with blood clots (i). (d) Biogas involves sludge digestion (ii).

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacillus. Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive bacillus. They have the ability to digest cellulose. They are called as cellulolytic bacteria. They are involved in biogas production. 

Cellulose is broken down to short chain fatty acids in ruminants ,during cellulose fermentation by anaerobic bacteria.

Algae are hte diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis.Certain algae are familiar to most people;for instance seaweeds, pond scum or the algal blooms in the lakes.

Penicillin sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics were among the first drugs to be effective against many previously serious diseases, such as bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillins are still widely used today, though misuse has now made many types of bacteria resistant.