Biology

Microorganisms in Food Production

1,120 Questions

Microorganisms play a vital role in food production through processes like fermentation and bioprocessing. Questions on this topic cover the use of yeast, bacteria, and industrial microbiology. These concepts are important for science sections in various competitive exams.

Alcoholic fermentationDairy beverage productionIndustrial ethanol preparationCitric acid productionBiodigester temperature

Microorganisms in Food Production Questions

Multiple choice chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds commercially important alcohols - methanol methanol some commercially important alcohols uses of alcohols

Methanol is now prepared from:

  1. water gas

  2. sugar through fermentation

  3. wood
  4. both $A$ and $B$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
On an industrial scale, methanol is predominantly produced from natural gas by reforming the gas with steam and then converting and distilling the resulting synthesized gas mixture to create pure methanol. The result is a clear, liquid, organic chemical that is water-soluble and readily biodegradable.
Some methanol can be produced during fermentation, but this is not derived from the ethanol or by carbohydrate oxidation. It is produced in small amounts, either by non-enzymatic reactions or through the reduction of formaldehyde.
Multiple choice zoology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products food production and microorganisms

Study the following statements regarding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are used to convert milk into curd.
(i) They produce adds that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.
(ii) A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as an inoculum contains millions of LAB, which at suitable temperature, multiply and convert milk into curd.
(iii) Conversion of milk into curd improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin $B _{12}$.
(iv) LAB may result in acidity in the stomach of human beings.
Which of the given statements are correct? 

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  4. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Microbes such as. Lactobacillus and others commonly called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it into curd. During growth, such bacteria produce adds (mainly lactic add) that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins. A small amount of curd, known as starter, is added to the milk and kept at a suitable temperature, where lactic acid bacteria multiply in millions and converts milk into curd that also improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin BI2. It also checks the growth of disease-causing microbes in the stomach.

So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii) and (iii)'

Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

 Identify the blank spaces A, B, C and D in the following table and select the correct answer. 

Type of microbe Scientific name Commercial product
Bacterium A Streptokinase
B Aspergillus niger Citric acid
Fungus Trichoderma polysporum C
Bacterium D Butyric acid

  1. A-Streptococcus, B-Fungus, C-Cyclosporin A, D-Clostridium butylicum

  2. A-Clostridium butylicum, B-Streptococcus, C-Fungus, D-Cyclosporin A

  3. A-Streptococcus, B-Yeast, C-Cydosporin A, Dlactobacillus

  4. A-Streptococcus, B-Cyclosporin A, C-Statins, D-Clostridium butylicum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Strepokinase is obtained from Streptococcus.
Aspergillus is a fungus.
Tricoderma produces cyclosporin A
Butyric acid is obtained from Clostridium butylicum.
So, the correct answer is ' A-Streptococcus, B-Fungus, c-Cyclosporin A, D- Clostridium butylicum.'
Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

Select the correct option to fill up the blanks.
(i) _______ are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry.
(ii) _______ are ripened by growing Penicillium roqueforti on them.
(iii) ______ are produced without distillation whereas,   are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.
(iv) ______ antibiotic was used to treat American soldiers wounded in world war II.
(v) _______ is also called as kusht rog. 

  1. (i) Lipases, (ii) Camembert cheese, (iii) Whisky and rum, wine and beer, (iv) Penicillin, (v) Leprosy

  2. (I) Lipases, (ii) Roquefort cheese, (iii) Wine and beer, whisky and rum, (iv) Penicillin, (v) Leprosy

  3. (i) Streptokinases, (ii) Roquefort cheese, (iii) Wine and beer, whisky and rum, (iv) Streptomycin, (v) Whooping cough

  4. (i) Amylases, (ii) Swiss cheese, (iii) Whisky and rum, wine and beer, (iv) Penicillin, (v) Diphtheria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Lipases are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry. Roquefort  are ripened by growing Penicillium roqueforti on them. Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas, whisky and rum  are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.  Penicillin antibiotic was used to treat American soldiers wounded in world war II.  Leprosy is also called as kusht rog. 
So, the correct option is '(i) lipases, (ii)Roquefort cheese, (iii)Wine and beer, whisky and rum, (iv) Penicillin, (v)Leprosy'
Multiple choice zoology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products food production and microorganisms

Statement 1 : Besides curdling of milk, LAB also improve its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin $B _{12}$.
Statement 2 : LAB, when present in human stomach, check disease causing microbes. 

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
LAB improve its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin B$ _12$ besides curdling the milk.
LAB produce myriad beneficial effects for human beings include, alleviation of lactose intolerance, diarrhoea, peptic ulcer, stimulation of immune system, antiallergic effects, antifungal actions and prevention of colon cancer.
So, the correct option is 'Both statements 1 and 2 are correct'
Multiple choice zoology micro - organisms: a wonderful world commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

Which of the following food items is produced by the fermenting activity of microbes? 
A. Milk
B. Dosa 
C. Toddy
D. Cheese 

  1. A and C

  2. C and D

  3. A, B and C

  4. B, C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cheese is one of the oldest milk products prepared with the help of microbes.The curd is separated from liquid part or whey to form cheese. Dosa, Upma are fermented preparation of rice and black gram. The two are allowed to ferment for 3-12 hours with air borne Leuconostoc and Streptococcus species of bacteria. Toddy is a traditional drink of some parts of South India which is made by fermentation of sap of palms.

So, the correct answer is 'B, C and D'.

Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

Microorganisms involved in curd formation is

  1. Rhizopus

  2. Lactobacillus

  3. Smut

  4. Rust
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lactobacillus belongs to the group of bacteria which perform fermentation and convert the sugars into lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. This bacterium is present in the raw milk. This bacterium can also be added to the milk in the form of already synthesized curd. Lactose is the disaccharide sugar present in the milk gets converted to lactic acid. The lactic acid which is produced gives a sour taste and the milk is converted to curd. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice zoology micro - organisms: a wonderful world commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

What is the process called due to which idli and dosa makes it fluffy and soft?

  1. Pasteurisation

  2. Fermentation

  3. Vaccination

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the fungus which is commonly known as baker's yeast. The yeast cells are added to the batter of idli and dosa. The fungus performs anaerobic fermentation. The fungus utilizes the fermentable sugars and convert them to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas causes the dough to rise and become soft and fluffy. The carbon dioxide bubbles gets trapped in the dough and when baking is done, this bubbles break and forms pores. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice zoology micro - organisms: a wonderful world commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

Yoghurt is produced with the help of

  1. <p>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</p>

  2. <p>Lactobacillus thermophilus</p>

  3. <p>Streptococcus thermophilus</p>

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

We use microbes or products derived from them everyday. There are various microbes that help us produces so many dairy products. For eg. Yoghurt is produced  commercially with the help of  Lactobacillus bulgaricus and  Streptococcus thermophilus

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Multiple choice zoology micro - organisms: a wonderful world commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

Lactobacillus mediated change of milk to curd occurs due to.

  1. Coagulation and partial digestion of milk fats

  2. Coagulation and partial digestion of milk proteins

  3. Coagulation of milk proteins and complete digestion of milk fats

  4. Coagulation of milk fats and complete digestion of proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lactobacillus helps in curd formation by coagulating and partially digesting the milk proteins.

Correct answer-B

Multiple choice zoology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products food production and microorganisms

Identify the bacteria that promotes the formation of curd.

  1. Vibrio cholerae

  2. Lactobacillus

  3. Mycobacterium leprae

  4. Clostridium tetani
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lactobacillus acts on the lactose of the milk and converts it into lactic acid. The increased acidity causes the milk proteins (casein) to coagulate and form the curd. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products food production and microorganisms

How is the lactic acid fermentation used in milk industry?

  1. To convert milk sugar to lactic acid

  2. Lactic acid coagulate the milk protein casein

  3. Lactic acid coagulate the milk fats

  4. All of the these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Lactobacillus bacteria cause the fermentation of milk in which milk sugar lactose is converted into lactic acid. This produces yoghurt and curd.
  • Lactobacillus is acidophiles which best grow at a pH of 1 to 5.4.
Multiple choice zoology micro - organisms: a wonderful world commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products

The flour of Idli and Dosa is made by the use of which microbe?

  1. Bacteria

  2. Lactobacillus

  3. Virus

  4. Yeast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The fermentation of the batter for Idli and Dosa is primarily carried out by bacteria, specifically species like Leuconostoc and Streptococcus, which are lactic acid bacteria.