Biology

Microorganisms in Food Production

1,086 Questions

Microorganisms play a vital role in food production through processes like fermentation and bioprocessing. Questions on this topic cover the use of yeast, bacteria, and industrial microbiology. These concepts are important for science sections in various competitive exams.

Alcoholic fermentationDairy beverage productionIndustrial ethanol preparationCitric acid productionBiodigester temperature

Microorganisms in Food Production Questions

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

How are microorganisms useful to us?

  1. The production of chemical fertilizers

  2. The production of fireworks

  3. The production of soft drinks

  4. The production of antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The antibiotics are the chemical compounds which is produced by one organism which inhibit the growth of the other organism. The antibiotics can be used for the control of the growth of the bacteria or organisms causing infections. The microorganisms like the bacterial and fungal species are used for the production of the antibiotics which can be used for the control of other microorganisms.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Biogas is produced by:

  1. Aerobic breakdown of biomass

  2. Anaerobic breakdown of biomass

  3. With the help of methanogenic bacteria

  4. Both (b) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biogas is a mixture of gases consists primarily methane and carbon dioxide  that produced by the breakdown of organic substance into such gases  in complete lack of oxygen. This biogas production can only be done by anaerobic breakdown of biomass. As methanogens are also anaerobic bacteria. The correct answer must be 'Both (b) and (c).

Multiple choice zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Which of the following is correct about biogas?

  1. Methane gas is produced along with ethyl alcohol by methanogen

  2. Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas

  3. Biogas is produced by thunder and lightening
  4. Maximum gas found in biogas is $CO _2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Methanogens are present in the rumen of cattle that is present in dung as well. Methanogens acts on the cellulose content of the and  It helps in the production of methane gas that is a component of biogas.
  • Hence Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas is a correct statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas'.
Multiple choice zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Biogas production is rate limited by

  1. Production of methane

  2. Cellulose digestion

  3. Conversion of monomers to organic acids

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The breakdown of complex polymers like cellulose into simpler monomers is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. This hydrolysis step is often the slowest part of the process.

Multiple choice zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Match and find the correct combination.

(a) Fermenting malted cereals and fruit juice (i) Clots in Blood vessels
(b) Production of large holes in Swiss cheese (ii) Digestion of sludge by bacteria and fungi resulting in emission methane and other gases
(c) Myocardial infarction (iii) Production of ethanol
(d) Biogas (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent
(v) Production of large amount of CO$ _2$

  1. a-iii, b-v, c-iv, d-ii

  2. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

  3. a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii

  4. a-v, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(a) Fermenting malted cereals produces ethanol (iii). (b) Swiss cheese production involves CO2 release (v). (c) Myocardial infarction is associated with blood clots (i). (d) Biogas involves sludge digestion (ii).

Multiple choice zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Cytophaga and Cellulomonas are involved in

  1. Biogas production

  2. Spoilage of textiles

  3. Curing of tea and tobacco

  4. Cheese manufacture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacillus. Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive bacillus. They have the ability to digest cellulose. They are called as cellulolytic bacteria. They are involved in biogas production. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Biogas production.'

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Pyruvate can be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast.

  2. Fermentation is a form of aerobic respiration.

  3. Haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen.

  4. Alveoli increase the surface area for the exchange of gases.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In fermentation, the carbohydrate gets broken down, but instead of making pyruvate, the final product is a different molecule depending on the type of fermentation. Fermentation is most often triggered by a lack of sufficient amounts of oxygen to continue running the aerobic respiration chain. Humans undergo lactic acid fermentation. Instead of pyruvate, lactic acid is created instead. Other organisms can undergo alcoholic fermentation where the end product is neither pyruvate nor lactic acid. The organism makes ethyl alcohol as an end product. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology what do animals eat? digestion in ruminants nutrition in other organisms busy at work - our internal organs

During cellulose fermentation by anaerobic bacteria in rumen and reticulum, cellulose is mainly changed into.

  1. $CO _2$

  2. Ethyl alcohol

  3. Lactic acid

  4. Volatile fatty acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cellulose is broken down to short chain fatty acids in ruminants ,during cellulose fermentation by anaerobic bacteria.

Correct answer-D

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

........... is used to make wine and bread.

  1. Amoeba

  2. Yeast

  3. Tradescantia

  4. Rheo leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast is a single-celled, microscopic fungus which uses sugar as food. Ethanol fermentation is a biological process of converting sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is performed by yeasts in the absence of oxygen. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

Why yeast is used in baking industry

  1. It reproduces rapidly

  2. Yeast produces carbon dioxide during respiration

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast is used in baking because it reproduces rapidly and performs fermentation, which releases carbon dioxide gas. This gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to rise.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

What is the basis of using yeast is baking industry? 

  1. Bubbles of gas fill the dough

  2. Bubbles of gas increase its volume

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration. Bubbles of the gas fill the dough and increase its volume.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

........... is used in the making of bread and yoghurt.

  1. Virus

  2. Bacteria

  3. Yeast

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is the process which is carried by anaerobic respiration of microorganism which leads to the production of lactic acid or alcohol with the release of carbon dioxide. When the yeast is added to the dough of the bread it converts the sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide which forms bubbles. Yeast has a lot of economical value to the mankind. It is used in the production of bread, wine, curd etc.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

Streptococcus lactis is responsible for

  1. Conversion of molasses into alcohol

  2. Conversion of milk into curd

  3. Tanning of leather

  4. Flavouring the leaves of tea and tobacco
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Streptococcus lactis is an important bacteria responsible for manufacturing of  dairy product, curd. It converts milk into curd by the process of fermentation. It breaks the sugar present in the milk and produces lactic acid. This lactic acid results in the curdling of the milk proteins and produces curd with a tangy taste.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Conversion of milk into curd.'

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

The bread becomes soft and porous when the yeast cells are mixed in the lump of dough of wheat flour, because

  1. Yeast is soft and flour also become soft.

  2. Yeast produces acetic acid and alcohol which gives softness to the bread.
  3. Evolution of CO$ _2$ makes the bread spongy.

  4. Yeast produces benzoic acid.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • In the production of bread one of the step is fermentation which is done with the help of the yeast or better know as baker's yeast ie Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
  • At the time of making dough for the bread yeast is added along with other ingredients and is left to rest for sometime which gives yeast time for the fermentation process where it converts the sugar present in the  flour to carbon dioxide and alcohol.
  • When the dough is baked the release of carbon dioxide at the time of baking leaves holes in the bread which gives the bread its sponginess
  • So, the correct answer is 'Evolution of CO22 makes the bread spongy'
Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology food production and microorganisms microbial products - food, medicines and industrial products uses of microorganisms commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry

Bread dough rises because of the action of

  1. Heat

  2. Kneading

  3. Bacteria

  4. Yeast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Bread  dough rises because of the activity of yeast. Yeast uses carbohydrates in the dough as raw material to form energy yielding molecules, releasing $CO _2$ and Ethanol as byproducts. The $CO _2$ trapped in the dough makes the dough fluffy
So, the correct answer is 'Yeast'