Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

During proliferative phase uterine wall undergoes certain changes, these are _________________.

  1. Myometrium wall is sloughed off

  2. Endometrium wall is sloughed off

  3. Blood vessels in endometrium become long and coiled

  4. Proliferation of myometrial epithelial lining
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the proliferative phase, the endometrium of the uterus becomes thicker as blood vessels become long and coiled.

So, the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following statements concerning menopause is correct?

  1. Menopause occurs because all of the female's follicles become hormone-producing corpus luteum at once

  2. Menopausal symptoms are a result of decrease in the production of FSH and LH

  3. The onset of menopause is primarily due to follicle atresia

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Follicular atresia means degeneration of follicles. Thus, if all follicles get degenerated at the age of 45-50 years, there will be no ovulation and hence no menstruation which leads to menopause.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

A woman who is not having a menstrual cycle, which one of the following is the most likely root cause of this?

  1. Maintenance of the hypertrophical endometrial lining

  2. Maintenance of high concentration of sex-hormones in the blood stream

  3. Retention of well-developed corpus luteum

  4. Fertilisation of the ovum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When an ovum is fertilized, the corpus luteum is maintained to produce progesterone, which prevents the shedding of the endometrium and thus stops the menstrual cycle. This is the primary biological reason for the cessation of menstruation during pregnancy.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Though the total number of follicles in the ovaries of a normal young woman is about 4,00,00. The duration between menarche and menopause is limited. This is attributed to the

  1. Follicular atresia

  2. Liquor folliculi

  3. Follicular proliferation

  4. Follicular plasticity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Follicular atresia is the breakdown of the ovarian follicles, which consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and internal and external theca cells. This is the reason, the female born with more than 4,00,000 eggs have a limited period between menarche and menopause.

So, the correct option is 'Follicular atresia'

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

In human females, menstrual cycle ceases around $50$ years of age. It is termed as

  1. Menopause

  2. Menarche

  3. Diapause

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In human females endometrium (the innermost layer of the uterus) undergoes cyclical changes every month which is known as menstruation. It starts at the age of puberty, this beginning is called menarche. Human females can only reproduce till 45 to 50 years of age. When the menstruation stops it is called menopause.

So, the correct option is 'menopause'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

A $25$ year old female goes to a doctor. She asks the doctor that after $4$ days there is the due date of her menses and she wants to postpone bleeding for some days as she will be engaged in some official work during those days. Which hormone will the doctor advise her to take?

  1. FSH

  2. Oestrogen

  3. Progesterone only

  4. LH only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Progesterone is a hormone which is secreted by the corpus luteum. It is responsible for the maintenance of the endometrium of the uterus. As long as the progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum, the menses does not begin. When the corpus luteum degenerates in the absence of a fertilization event, the progesterone secretion stops and the endometrium starts to break down and menses begin. So, in order to delay the menses, intake of progesterone will be advised because it will prevent the break down of endometrium and menses will not occur.

A. FSH is responsible for the follicular growth in ovarian cells. It is secreted by the pituitary gland.
B. Oestrogen is responsible for synergistic effect with FSH during the menstrual cycle.
C. Progesterone is the endometrium maintaining hormone, so it is also called the pregnancy hormone.
D. LH is secreted by the pituitary gland and it is responsible for the ovulation.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Progesterone only'

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The time for optimum chances of conception in a woman is starting from the day of menstruation.

  1. 1st day

  2. 4th day

  3. 14th day

  4. 26th day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is usually about 14 days after the first day of your last period if your cycle is around 28 days long. An egg lives for about 12-24 hours after being released. For pregnancy to happen, the egg must be fertilized by sperm within this time. Sperm can live for up to 7 days inside a woman's body.


So, the correct option is 'Option C, 14th day'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

  1. First menstruation at puberty is menarche

  2. Release of ovum from ovary is oogenesis

  3. Menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28-29 days

  4. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The release of an ovum from the ovary is called ovulation, not oogenesis. Oogenesis is the broader process of formation of female gametes.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which one of the following is the correct matching of the events occurring during menstrual cycle?

  1. Proliferative phase: Rapid regeneration of myometrium and maturation of Graafian follicle

  2. Development of: Secretory phase corpus luteum and increased secretion of progesterone

  3. Menstruation: Breakdown of myometrium and ovum not fertilised

  4. Ovulation: LH and FSH attain peak level and sharp fall in the secretion of progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation occurs in order to

  1. To shed blood

  2. To shed enlarged endometrium layer which is not needed

  3. To shed ovum

  4. To help entry of sperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation is a woman's monthly bleeding. It occurs so as to shed the lining of the uterus or womb.
In menstrual cycle, the uterus gets prepared for implantation and the endometrium builds up, After ovulation, if the egg released does not gets implanted in the uterus, it leads to shedding off this endometrium and its lining and this is called as menstruation,
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The phase of menstrual cycle in humans, that lasts for 3 - 5 days is 

  1. Follicular phase

  2. Ovulatory phase

  3. Luteal phase

  4. Menstruation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The rhythmic reproductive cycle in the female primates is called as the menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called as menarche and is repeated at an average interval of about 28 / 29 days.

The major phases of the menstrual cycle are- menstrual phase, follicular phase and luteal phase. The cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flow occurs and it lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels, which forms liquid, that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The period when menstrual cycle stops is 

  1. Menarche

  2. Luteal phase

  3. Menopause

  4. Heat period
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle in the female primates is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called as menarche. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an interval of about 28/29 days, and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called as the menstrual cycle. In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed as menopause. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

First menstrual cycle starts at

  1. Parturition

  2. Menopause

  3. Puberty

  4. Implantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle in the female primates (e.g., monkeys, apes and human beings) is called as menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called as menarche. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days, and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called as the menstrual cycle. One ovum is released (ovulation) during the middle of each menstrual cycle.