Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

When the levels of progesterone fall in a human female, which event is expected to occur ? 

  1. The endometrial lining will thicken.

  2. The ovum will emerge from the ovary.

  3. The endometrial lining will slough off.

  4. The ovarian follicle will develop around the ovum.

  5. The levels of FSH and LH will peak.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When the level of progesterone fall in human female, primary follicles grow in the ovary and outer two thirds of endometrium shed off.
So, the correct answer is 'The endometrial lining will slough off'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Pick up the correct information about menstrual cycle control.
1. Estrogen and progesterone of ovary

2. FSH of pituitary
3. FSH and LH of pituitary
4. Oxytocin.

  1. 1, 2, 3 correct

  2. 1, 2 correct

  3. 2, 4 correct

  4. 1, 3 correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual flow followed by the follicle phase. During the follicular phase levels of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) increase and also the levels of estrogen increase. This rapid secretion of LH and FSH leads to LH surge and hence ovulation. After the ovulation luteal phase is accompanied by the formation of Corpus luteum. The Corpus luteum is responsible for the secretions of progesterone. 
So,  the correct option is '1, 3 correct'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Disintegration of corpus luteum occurs due to inhibition of secretion of ............ hormone.

  1. LTH

  2. FSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Corpus luteum is responsible for higher levels of progesterone whereas LH is responsible for its persistence. As soon as the level of LH decreases, degeneration of corpus luteum takes place. FSH does not play any significant role in the regression of corpus luteum whereas LTH does not have any role in the menstrual cycle.

So, the correct option is 'LH'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which of the following is not a function of progesterone?

  1. Gestation

  2. Inhibition of ovulation

  3. Uterine growth and development

  4. Stimulation of mammary secretion.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation


Progesterone is the ovarian hormone which helps in the development of mammary glands but not the secretion of mammary glands.
So the correct option is 'Stimulation of mammary secretion.’

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

FSH was administered to a group of rats who had their anterior glands removed.Compared with the control group of normal rats,which of the following events did NOT takes places in the experiment animals?

  1. Proliferation of the endometrium

  2. Maturation of a Graafian follicle

  3. Development of the corpos luteum

  4. Build - up of oestrogen in the blood stream
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Mainly which type of hormones control the menstrual cycle in human beings?

  1. FSH

  2. LH

  3. FSH, LH, estrogen

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. FSH, LH, and estrogen are the primary hormones that coordinate the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which of the following events occur if fertilisation do not takes place. 

  1. Secretion of progesterone hormone increase

  2. Secretion of estrogen hormone stops

  3. Uterus inner wall layer and unfertilised egg will shed off

  4. Uterus inner wall increased and unfertilised egg will shed off
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If the egg is fertilised by a sperm as it travels down the Fallopian tube, then pregnancy occurs. 

But if the egg does not because fertilised, then the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during ht mensuration.
Hence, the uterus inner wall and unfertilised egg will shed off if no fertilisation occurs.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

During preovulatory phase?

  1. Concentration of estrogen remain low than progesteron

  2. LH is produced by follicular cells

  3. FSH stimulates the ovarian follicle to secrete estrogen

  4. FSH is positively regulated by estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the preovulatory (follicular) phase, FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. These follicles, in turn, secrete estrogen, which prepares the uterine lining.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

A decrease in level of oestrogen and progesterone causes 

  1. Loss of endometrium

  2. Growth of dilation of endometrium

  3. Release of ova from ovaries

  4. Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

    • Corpus luteum secretes large quantity of progesterone and small quantity of estrogen.
    • In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates resulting in decreased level of progesterone and estrogen.
    • This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle.
    So, the correct option is 'Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Progesterone level falls during

    1. Gestation

    2. Menopause

    3. Lactation

    4. Mensturation
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone levels are higher when the women are pregnant and even the levels are normal during nonpregnancy time. The progesterone levels fall when women reach to menopause stage.

    So the correct option is 'Menopause.'

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    During a menstrual cycle and secreted by the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

    1. FSH; LH

    2. FSH; testosterone

    3. Estrogen; progesterone

    4. Estrogens only
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone and estrogen are necessary to prepare the uterus for menstruation, and their release is triggered by the hypothalamus. Estrogens are a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body. During the menstrual cycle, estrogen produces an environment suitable for the fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of an early embryo. Progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy by causing the uterine lining to thicken. If a woman is not pregnant, the corpus luteum disappears.

    So the correct option is 'estrogen, progesterone'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    During a menstrual cycle, a mid-cycle surge of triggers ovulation.

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. LH

    4. FSH
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Hormone prepares the body for ovulation before menstrual phase can begin. The pituitary gland releases two hormones, FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone). LH stimulates the follicle to manufacture and secrete estrogen. When the amount of estrogen produced in your body reaches a certain level, it causes the pituitary gland to release a surge of LH. The LH surge is what triggers the almost-ripened egg to become fully matured and break through the follicle and the process is known as ovulation.

    So the correct option is 'LH'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2


    Proliferation of endometrium occurs under the influence of increasing amount of

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. LH

    4. FSH
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Estrogens are a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body. They play an essential role in the growth and development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, pubic and armpit hair, and the regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive system. Estrogen enhances and maintains the mucous membrane that lines the uterus. It increases the size of the endometrium as well as enhancing blood flow, protein content, and enzyme activity. 

    So the correct option is 'estrogen'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Menstruation is triggered by an abrupt decline in the amount of

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. Luteinizing hormone

    4. Follicle-stimulating hormone
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens. It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Progesterone, a hormone secreted by the female reproductive system that functions mainly to regulate the condition of the inner lining (endometrium) of the uterus. When a woman has her menstrual period, her progesterone level is usually low during the first few days.

    So the correct option is 'progesterone'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

    1. Flow phase of the menstrual cycle

    2. Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

    3. Period surrounding ovulation

    4. End of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) accompanied by bleeding. The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which are produced by the pituitary gland, promote ovulation and stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. The follicular phase ends when the level of luteinizing hormone increases dramatically (surges). The surge results in the release of the egg (ovulation) and marks the beginning of the next phase.

    So the correct option is 'period surrounding ovulation'.