Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which of the following events occur if fertilisation do not takes place. 

  1. Secretion of progesterone hormone increase

  2. Secretion of estrogen hormone stops

  3. Uterus inner wall layer and unfertilised egg will shed off

  4. Uterus inner wall increased and unfertilised egg will shed off
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If the egg is fertilised by a sperm as it travels down the Fallopian tube, then pregnancy occurs. 

But if the egg does not because fertilised, then the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during ht mensuration.
Hence, the uterus inner wall and unfertilised egg will shed off if no fertilisation occurs.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

During preovulatory phase?

  1. Concentration of estrogen remain low than progesteron

  2. LH is produced by follicular cells

  3. FSH stimulates the ovarian follicle to secrete estrogen

  4. FSH is positively regulated by estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the preovulatory (follicular) phase, FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. These follicles, in turn, secrete estrogen, which prepares the uterine lining.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

A decrease in level of oestrogen and progesterone causes 

  1. Loss of endometrium

  2. Growth of dilation of endometrium

  3. Release of ova from ovaries

  4. Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

    • Corpus luteum secretes large quantity of progesterone and small quantity of estrogen.
    • In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates resulting in decreased level of progesterone and estrogen.
    • This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle.
    So, the correct option is 'Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Progesterone level falls during

    1. Gestation

    2. Menopause

    3. Lactation

    4. Mensturation
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone levels are higher when the women are pregnant and even the levels are normal during nonpregnancy time. The progesterone levels fall when women reach to menopause stage.

    So the correct option is 'Menopause.'

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    During a menstrual cycle and secreted by the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

    1. FSH; LH

    2. FSH; testosterone

    3. Estrogen; progesterone

    4. Estrogens only
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone and estrogen are necessary to prepare the uterus for menstruation, and their release is triggered by the hypothalamus. Estrogens are a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body. During the menstrual cycle, estrogen produces an environment suitable for the fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of an early embryo. Progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy by causing the uterine lining to thicken. If a woman is not pregnant, the corpus luteum disappears.

    So the correct option is 'estrogen, progesterone'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    During a menstrual cycle, a mid-cycle surge of triggers ovulation.

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. LH

    4. FSH
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Hormone prepares the body for ovulation before menstrual phase can begin. The pituitary gland releases two hormones, FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone). LH stimulates the follicle to manufacture and secrete estrogen. When the amount of estrogen produced in your body reaches a certain level, it causes the pituitary gland to release a surge of LH. The LH surge is what triggers the almost-ripened egg to become fully matured and break through the follicle and the process is known as ovulation.

    So the correct option is 'LH'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2


    Proliferation of endometrium occurs under the influence of increasing amount of

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. LH

    4. FSH
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Estrogens are a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body. They play an essential role in the growth and development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, pubic and armpit hair, and the regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive system. Estrogen enhances and maintains the mucous membrane that lines the uterus. It increases the size of the endometrium as well as enhancing blood flow, protein content, and enzyme activity. 

    So the correct option is 'estrogen'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Menstruation is triggered by an abrupt decline in the amount of

    1. Estrogen

    2. Progesterone

    3. Luteinizing hormone

    4. Follicle-stimulating hormone
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens. It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Progesterone, a hormone secreted by the female reproductive system that functions mainly to regulate the condition of the inner lining (endometrium) of the uterus. When a woman has her menstrual period, her progesterone level is usually low during the first few days.

    So the correct option is 'progesterone'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

    1. Flow phase of the menstrual cycle

    2. Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

    3. Period surrounding ovulation

    4. End of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) accompanied by bleeding. The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which are produced by the pituitary gland, promote ovulation and stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. The follicular phase ends when the level of luteinizing hormone increases dramatically (surges). The surge results in the release of the egg (ovulation) and marks the beginning of the next phase.

    So the correct option is 'period surrounding ovulation'.

    Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

    What is the source of increase in concentration of estrogen in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle?

    1. Hypothalamus

    2. Anterior pituitary

    3. Ovary

    4. Corpus luteum
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    • The estrogen is secreted by the follicles and corpus luteum along with progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in. Its stimulation is done by the LH or luteinizing hormone which is secreted by the anterior pituitary.

    So the correct option is 'Corpus luteum'

    Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

    Read the following statements about the reproductive cycles in mammals and select the correct ones.
    (i) Oestrous cycle occurs in primate mammals.
    (ii) In species with oestrous cycle, females are generally sexually active during oestrous phase.
    (iii) Both the cycles show monthly recurrence.

    1. (i) and (ii)

    2. (ii) and (iii)

    3. (ii) only

    4. (i), (ii) and (iii)
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Oestrous cycle occur in non-primates such as cows, dogs, etc. Menstrual cycle occurs in primates only. Menstrual cycle shows monthly recurrence but oestrous cycle does not.

    So, the correct answer is '(ii) only

    Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

    Which of the following is known as "period of heat"?

    1. Metestrus

    2. Proestrus

    3. Estrus

    4. None of the above
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive. Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is C.

    Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

    The second half of the estrus cycle is controlled by

    1. Progesterone

    2. Estrogen

    3. Testosterone

    4. Both A and B
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The reproductive cycle of the non-primate females is called oestrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. 

    Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. 
    Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive ( can receive the male gamete). This phase is also regulated by the estrogen. 
    Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. 
    Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is A.

    Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

    Nonprimate mammals have

    1. Menstrual cycle

    2. Oestrus cycle

    3. Breeding seasons

    4. Non breeding seasons
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation
    A. The reproductive phase of primate animals is called Menstrual cycle. 
    B. The reproductive phase of nonprimate animals is called Oestrus cycle. 
    C. The seasons in which animals mate and produce offspring are called breeding seasons.
    D. The seasons in which animals do not mate and produce offspring are called non-breeding seasons.
    Hence, nonprimate mammals have oestrus cycle. So, the correct answer is 'Oestrus cycle'.
    Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

    Which of the following statement can be related to proestrus phase of an estrus cycle?

    1. Swelling of vulva and vagina

    2. The glands of uterus shows hypertrophy

    3. The Graafian follicle undergoes maturation

    4. All of the above
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. Swelling in vulva and vagina can be noticed which indicates the preparation of sexual receptivity. The glands of uterus show hypertrophy due to the heat. Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive. Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is D.