Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

What is the source of increase in concentration of estrogen in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle?

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Anterior pituitary

  3. Ovary

  4. Corpus luteum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The estrogen is secreted by the follicles and corpus luteum along with progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in. Its stimulation is done by the LH or luteinizing hormone which is secreted by the anterior pituitary.

So the correct option is 'Corpus luteum'

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Read the following statements about the reproductive cycles in mammals and select the correct ones.
(i) Oestrous cycle occurs in primate mammals.
(ii) In species with oestrous cycle, females are generally sexually active during oestrous phase.
(iii) Both the cycles show monthly recurrence.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (ii) only

  4. (i), (ii) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Oestrous cycle occur in non-primates such as cows, dogs, etc. Menstrual cycle occurs in primates only. Menstrual cycle shows monthly recurrence but oestrous cycle does not.

So, the correct answer is '(ii) only

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following is known as "period of heat"?

  1. Metestrus

  2. Proestrus

  3. Estrus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive. Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

The second half of the estrus cycle is controlled by

  1. Progesterone

  2. Estrogen

  3. Testosterone

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle of the non-primate females is called oestrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. 

Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. 
Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive ( can receive the male gamete). This phase is also regulated by the estrogen. 
Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. 
Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Nonprimate mammals have

  1. Menstrual cycle

  2. Oestrus cycle

  3. Breeding seasons

  4. Non breeding seasons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. The reproductive phase of primate animals is called Menstrual cycle. 
B. The reproductive phase of nonprimate animals is called Oestrus cycle. 
C. The seasons in which animals mate and produce offspring are called breeding seasons.
D. The seasons in which animals do not mate and produce offspring are called non-breeding seasons.
Hence, nonprimate mammals have oestrus cycle. So, the correct answer is 'Oestrus cycle'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following statement can be related to proestrus phase of an estrus cycle?

  1. Swelling of vulva and vagina

  2. The glands of uterus shows hypertrophy

  3. The Graafian follicle undergoes maturation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. Swelling in vulva and vagina can be noticed which indicates the preparation of sexual receptivity. The glands of uterus show hypertrophy due to the heat. Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive. Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is D.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Estrous cycle is interrupted by :

  1. Anestrus

  2. Proestrous

  3. Metestrous

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Anestrus is a state or interval of sexual inactivity between periods of activity in periodically breeding mammals.
  • The first phase (proestrus) of the estrous cycle is the building-up phase. During this phase the ovarian follicle (under the influence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete estrogens.
  • The end of sexual receptivity marks the beginning of metestrus, the post-ovulatory phase dominated by corpus luteum function. 
  • So, the correct option is 'Anestrus'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

The period between the two season is known as 

  1. Estrus

  2. Proestrus

  3. Anestrus

  4. Metestrus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The first phase (proestrus) of the estrous cycle is the building-up phase. During this phase the ovarian follicle (under the influence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete estrogens.
  • Estrus is the period of sexual receptivity. It is primarily initiated by the elevation in estrogens from mature follicles just prior to ovulation.
  • The end of sexual receptivity marks the beginning of metestrus, the post-ovulatory phase dominated by corpus luteum function. 
  • Anestrus is a state or interval of sexual inactivity between periods of activity in periodically breeding mammals.
  • So, the correct option is 'Anestrus'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

In which of the following phase of the estrus cycle, the female receives the male gamete?

  1. Proestrus

  2. Estrus

  3. Metestrus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. For example, in rats, horse etc. It can be divided into four phases proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. The ovarian follicle becomes large and secretes estrogen which is necessary for the preparation of estrus and pregnancy. Estrus is the phase when ovulation takes place. It is also known as the period of heat and female is sexually receptive ( can receive the male gamete). Metestrus is the phase where corpus luteum forms under the influence of decreased estrogen and increased progesterone level. Diestrus is the phase where corpus luteum becomes functional and the progesterone level increases. So, the correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following is considered as resting phase according to the sexual point of view?

  1. Metestrus

  2. Proestrus

  3. Anestrus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The first phase (proestrus) of the estrous cycle is the building-up phase. During this phase the ovarian follicle (under the influence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete estrogens.
  • The end of sexual receptivity marks the beginning of metestrus, the post-ovulatory phase dominated by corpus luteum function. 
  • Anestrus is a state or interval of sexual inactivity between periods of activity in periodically breeding mammals.
  • So, the correct option is 'Anestrus'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Estrus frequency of a goat is 

  1. 18 days

  2. 13 days

  3. 17 days

  4. 21 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Estrous cycle is the reproductive cycle seen in non-primates female. It is the time from one heat period (estrous) to another heat period (estrous). This time period can vary from one species to another species. In goat the estrus frequency is of 21 days. So, the correct option is D.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Monoestrus animals have

  1. One ovulation each month

  2. One egg

  3. One breeding season in a year

  4. One menses each month
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Estrous cycle is a reproductive cycle of females of non-primate vertebrates. The gap between two estrus periods is known as estrous cycle. The females are highly receptive during estrus period. It is an indication of breeding period because one or more periods of estrus may occur during the breeding season of a species. Some animals like dogs are monoestrous as they have only one estrous phase in their breeding cycle. Males can recognize a female in heat by smell of pheromones.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Estrus cycle is indication of

  1. Breeding period

  2. Estrogen secretion

  3. Pregnancy

  4. Menopause
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Estrus cycle is the indication of the breeding period because it is a reproductive cycle of females of non-primate vertebrates and it is the period in which the female is highly receptive. One or more periods of estrus may occur during the breeding season of a species. Some animals like dogs are monoestrous as they have only one oestrous phase in their breeding cycle. Males can recognize a female in heat by the smell of pheromones.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following cannot be seen during estrus cycle?

  1. Estrogen produces strong sex surge

  2. Menstruation at the end of the estrous cycle

  3. Ovulation takes place during estrus phase

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  •  Animals that have estrus cycles resorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. 
  • Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation if conception does not take place.
  • So, the correct option is 'Menstruation at the end of the estrus cycle'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following statement is true?
A) Sexual receptivity occurs all through the menstrual cycle.
B) Estrus prepares the female reproductive tract for copulation.
C) The hypertrophic lining is sloughed off as menstrual flow.

  1. Only A

  2. Both A and B

  3. Both A and C

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sexual receptivity is the stage when the female accepts the sperms for fertilization during the process of intercourse. The female becomes sexually receptive during the estrus phase of the menstrual cycle. 

There are two phases in the animals called as the estrus and the non-estrus phase in the reproductive cycle. The estrus is the receptive phase fro the females. This is the period when the female reproductive tract is ready for accepting the sperms for fertilization. 
The uterus is prepared for implantation by proliferation of the cells. This hypertrophic lining is removed and shed during the menstrual flow, if the egg does not gets fertilized. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.