Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

A natural method of birth control assumes that sperms live for three days after intercourse, ovulation occurs between days $13-15$ of the menstrual cycle and released ova live for $36$ hours.
On which day of the cycle should intercourse not result in pregnancy?

  1. Day $7$
  2. Day $10$
  3. Day $12$
  4. Day $16$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A woman is fertile, on average, between the ages of $12$ to $15$. During these fertile years, a recurring process - known as the menstrual cycle - takes place each month. This involves the lining of the uterus preparing for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the lining breaks down and the woman has a period. This is also known as menstruation. During this period which is generally from day $1$ to the day $7$ of the cycle, the intercourse does not result in pregnancy.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Before the formation of corpus luteum, the body formed is

  1. Corpus albicans

  2. Corpus media

  3. Corpus haemorrhagicum

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a typical menstruation cycle, both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle called LH surge, induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation). The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during, which the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus hemorrhagicum ("bloody body") is a temporary structure formed immediately after ovulation from the ovarian follicle. After the trauma heals, the subsequent structure is called as the corpus luteum (which in turn becomes the corpus albicans before degenerating). The corpus luteum assumes endocrine function and secretes large amounts of progesterone hormone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium. Such an endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Release of egg from ovary is called

  1. Ovipary

  2. Ovulation

  3. Hatching

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The release of an egg from the ovary is called ovulation. This process occurs in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle when the secondary oocytes forms Graafian follicle which then ruptures to release the ovum. The ovulation in human females occurs under the influence of luteinizing hormone LH.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

In uterus, endometrium, proliferates in response of

  1. Relaxin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Progesterone

  4. Estrogen

  5. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C,D Correct answer
Explanation

In humans, the menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flow occurs and it lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised. 

The menstrual phase is followed by the follicular phase. During this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Graafian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regenerates through proliferation. These changes in the ovary and the uterus are induced by changes in the levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones. The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase, and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day). 
Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle called LH surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation). The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. 
The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone, which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium. Such an endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy. During pregnancy all events of the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation. In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates. This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle. In the monthly menstrual cycle, the uterus undergoes cyclical changes of growth and degeneration. 
Estrogens produced from the developing follicles stimulate endometrial growth, and progesterone is responsible for converting the estrogen-primed endometrium into a receptive state. 

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

In a normal pregnant woman, the amount of total gonadotropin activity was assessed. The result expected was

  1. High level of circulating FSH and LH in the uterus to stimulate implantation of the embryo.

  2. High level of circulating hCG to stimulate endometrial thickening.

  3. High level of FSH and LH in uterus to stimulate endometrial thickening.

  4. High level of circulating hCG to stimulate estrogen and progesterone synthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,D Correct answer
Explanation

After implantation of blastocyst (pregnancy), the placenta produces the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hCG promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum to secrete the hormone progesterone and estrogen. High levels of hCG stimulates endometrial thickening also.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Some important events in the human female reproductive cycle are given below. Arrange the events in a proper sequence.
A : Secretion of FSH
B : Growth of corpus luteum
C : Growth of the follicle and oogenesis
D : Ovulation 
E : Sudden increase in the levels of LH

  1. $C\rightarrow A\rightarrow D\rightarrow B \rightarrow E$
  2. $A\rightarrow C\rightarrow E\rightarrow D \rightarrow B$
  3. $A\rightarrow D\rightarrow C\rightarrow E \rightarrow B$
  4. $B\rightarrow A\rightarrow C\rightarrow D \rightarrow E$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sequence is: FSH secretion (A) leads to follicle growth (C), which leads to high estrogen and LH surge (E), causing ovulation (D), followed by the formation of the corpus luteum (B).

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Which one of the following is the most likely root cause why

menstruation is not taking place in regularly cycling human female ?

  1. Retention of well-developed corpus luteum

  2. Fertilization of the ovum

  3. Maintenance of the hypertrophical endometrial lining

  4. Maintenance of high concentration of sex-hormones in the blood stream
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation occurs when the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone. If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by hCG, preventing menstruation.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Which group represents external genitalia of human female?

  1. Labium minora, labium majora, vagina

  2. Labium minora, labium majora, oviduct

  3. Labium minora, labium majora, cervix

  4. Labium minora, labium majora, clitoris
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The external genitalia of human female consists of:

Mons pubis - It is the anterior most part and is covered with pubic hair and skin. 
Clitoris - Present posterior to mons pubis and is homologous to the glans penis as it contains the erectile tissues. 
Labium majora - Large fleshly folding and is covered with sebaceous glands. It is considered to be homologous to scrotum. 
Labium minora - Small fleshly folding which are homologous to penile urethra.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Labium minora, labium majora, clitoris'.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Ova are released from ovary under the effect of LH-Hormones, after which of the following event.

  1. Before meiosis and production of polar body

  2. Meiosis-I and before production of polar body

  3. Meiosis and at the time of production of polar body

  4. Meiosis II and after the formation of polar body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1 and the first polar body and secondary oocyte are produced. Secondary oocyte which is arrested at metaphase 2 develops into the graffian follicle and after the secretion of the LH hormone occurs which leads to ovulation.

So the correct option is 'meiosis II and after the formation of the polar body'.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

A woman whose pituitary was damaged by disease can have a baby if she is given 

  1. Small quantities of FSH and LH each day

  2. Small quantities of FSH and LH each day and one large dose of LH on 15th day

  3. 20 microgram each of estrogen and progesterone each day for 14 days

  4. Small quantity of estrogen every day for 28 days after ovulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • LH and FSH are pituitary hormones. 
  • These hormones are essential for the growth of follicle from day 1 to day 15 of the menstrual cycle.
  • On the 15th day, high level of LH secretion ( known as LH surge ) causes release of the ovum from Graafian follicle.
  • The release of ovum is absolutely essential for having a baby in normal adult females.
So, the correct option is 'Small quantities of FSH and LH each day and one large dose of LH on 15th day'.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Below is given the unorganised list of some important events in the human female reproductive cycle. Identify the correct sequence of these event and select the correct option.
(i) Secretion of FSH
(ii) Growth of corpus luteum
(iii) Growth of the follicle and oogenesis
(iv) Ovulation
(v) Sudden increase in levels of LH

  1. (i) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v) $\rightarrow$ (ii)
  2. (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (iv)
  3. (iii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (v)
  4. (i) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During the follicular phase, the secretion of FSH happens and this leads to the development of a mature follicle (Graafian follicle). This process of formation of a mature female gamete is called oogenesis. The FSH level increase causes the development of follicles and secretion of estrogen by the growing follicles. Rapid secretion of LH leads to the rupture of Graafian follicle and release of ovum called ovulation. This phase is followed by the remaining parts of Graafian follicle transform into the corpus luteum. 

So, the correct option is '(i) 
→→ (iii) →→ (v) →→ (iv) →→ (ii)'.

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems different types of reproduction

Which of the following is the most accepted method of contraception in India?

  1. Vaults

  2. IUD

  3. Periodic abstinence

  4. Diaphragams
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

IUD is the most common and effective method of contraception in India. It is cheap and is easily available. It doesn't affect the sexual activity of the user and can be fitted at home.  

So the correct option is  'IUD'

Multiple choice biology reproductive health reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems different types of reproduction

Which of the following is useful in maintaining the reproductive health?

  1. Sex education

  2. Birth control devices

  3. Medical facilities

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sex education at a proper age is very important so as to maintain a healthy reproductive society. Also we need proper medical facilities & good knowledge of birth control devices to maintain the same 

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'