Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Which of the following statement can be related to metestrus phase of an estrus cycle?

  1. The hypertrophy of glands of uterine mucosa

  2. Corpus luteum develops

  3. In absence of fertilisation the corpus luteum degenerates

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Metestrus phase is characterized by the activity of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. 
  • The uterine lining begins to appear and hypertrophy of glands is observed due to increased progesterone.
  • Just like menstrual cycle, absence of fertilisation leads to degeneration of corpus luteum in estrus cycle.
  • So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

The estrus frequency of cow is

  1. 18 days

  2. 15 days

  3. 21 days

  4. !7 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation


  • Estrus cycle is the period of sexual activity in female mammals except for higher mammals, during which they are in heat i.e. ready to mate.
  • Cows can go into heat several times per year.
  • Estrus frequency of cow is 21 days i.e. it goes into heat with a duration of 21 days.
  • So, the correct option is '21 days'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

Proestrus bleeding in dogs is caused due to 

  1. Increase of the estradiol-17 hormone

  2. Inflammatory response of WBC

  3. Ovulation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. It can be divided into four phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. There is bleeding found in dogs during the proestrus phase. There is increase in the level of estradiol-17 hormone. This results in the movement or diapedesis of the red blood cells in the blood vessels which causes bleeding. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

A difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

  1. Non-mammalian vertebrates have estrous cycles, whereas mammals have menstrual cycles

  2. The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles

  3. Estrous cycles occur more frequently than menstrual cycles do

  4. Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Menstrual cycle occurs in primates (monkeys, apes and human beings). This cycle consists of the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase and the secretory phase and the broken endometrium is passed out during menstruation. The oestrous cycle occurs in non-primates such as cows, dogs, etc. It consists of a short period of estrus or heat followed by anoestrus or passive period. The broken endometrium is reabsorbed during the oestrous cycle.

So the correct option is 'the endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in the oestrous cycle'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction sexual reproduction in organisms sexual reproduction & its importance reproduction in organisms

The limited period of sexual receptivity that occur around the time of ovulation in all female mammals, except human, is called

  1. Oogenesis

  2. Menstruation

  3. Estrus

  4. Puberty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Estrus is the period in the sexual cycle of female mammals, except humans during which they are in heat, i.e ready to mate. Prior to ovulation, the endometrium (uterine lining) thickens, in preparation for holding the fertilized ova. As the proliferation of uterine tissue reaches its peak, receptivity is the highest which is called the oestrous period. The period of sexual receptivity is primarily initiated by the elevation in estrogens from mature follicles just prior to ovulation. The basic pattern of the oestrous cycle is the same in all domestic animals, but some specific differences are found in specific parts of the cycle. 

So the correct option is 'estrus'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in humans placenta pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

State whether the following statements are true or false .
Endometrium is highly vascular and rich in glands.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In the uterus, simple tubular glands reach from the endometrial surface through to the base of the stroma, which also carries a rich blood supply provided by the spiral arteries
So, the correct answer is 'True'
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Which part of the ovary in mammals acts as an endocrine gland after ovulation?

  1. Stroma

  2. Germinal epithelium

  3. Graffian follicle

  4. Vitelline membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which acts as an endocrine gland by secreting progesterone and estrogen.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

During proliferative phase, mitosis in endometrium is stimulated by ______________.

  1. oestrogen

  2. FSH

  3. progesterone

  4. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
During the proliferative phase, the secretion of estrogen through the growing ovarian follicle is responsible for the proliferation of the endometrium by intensive mitosis in the glandular epithelium and in the stroma.
So, the correct option is 'Estrogen'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

In uterus, endometrium proliferates in response to

  1. Relaxin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Progesterone

  4. Oestrogen

  5. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The FSH stimulates the follicle cells to secrete estrogen a female sex organ.

It stimulates the uterus to prepare for the implantation and nourishment of the foetus likely to arrive after ovulation. The wall of the uterus, relatively thin in the beginning of the cycle, progressively becomes thick by greater development of its smooth muscle layer, the myometrium, and proliferation of its epithelial lining, the endometrium.
So, the correct answer is 'Oestrogen'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

The failure of estrogens results in eunuchoidism.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

female eunuchoidism is the case in which the ovaries fail to function at puberty, resulting in infertility, the absence of development of secondary sex characteristics, infantile sexual organs, and excessive growth of the long bones. This is caused by the reduced amount of estrogens or inability of receptors for estrogens to respond. 

So, the correct option is 'True'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

A decrease in level of oestrogen and progesterone causes

  1. Loss of endometrium

  2. Growth of dilation of endometrium

  3. Release of ova from ovaries

  4. Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Estrogen:  a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body.
  • Progesterone:  endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans. It is often called as the "pregnancy hormone".
Oestrogen and progesterone hormones mainly help to maintain pregnancy. A decreased level of both the hormone causes constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of the endometrium or uterine epithelium in the menstrual period.

So, the correct answer is "Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium".
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Ovulation is controlled mainly by .............. hormone.

  1. Estrogen

  2. Progesterone

  3. Luteinizing hormone

  4. Prolactin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In humans, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells.
  • The process of ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain and through the release of hormones secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • Hence Ovulation is controlled mainly by luteinizing hormone.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Luteinizing hormone'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

Which of the following statement is not correct?

  1. Human show spontaneous ovulation

  2. Several enzymes occur in bile juice

  3. Monkeys, apes and humans have oestrus cycle

  4. Urine is pale yellow and slightly alkaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Human show spontaneous ovulation that means ovum is released in every menstrual cycle irrespective of the fertilization event.

B. Bile juice does not contain the enzymes. It has ions and bile salts.
C. Monkeys, apes, and humans have the menstrual cycle in which endometrium breaks down and falls off. The estrous cycle occurs in animals like cows in which the endometrium is reabsorbed.
D. Urine is pale yellow and slightly alkaline due to bicarbonate ions.
Hence, the correct answers include 'Several enzymes occur in bile juice' and 'Monkeys, apes and humans have estrous cycle'