Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation is triggered by an abrupt decline in the amount of

  1. Luteinising hormone.

  2. Follicle-stimulating hormone.

  3. Estrogen.

  4. Progesterone.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium (wall of the uterus) . Such an endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilized ovum. In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates resulting in decline in the progesterone level. This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, making a new cycle. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Premenstrual syndrome is related to

  1. Women

  2. Men

  3. Microorganisms

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle in women. PMS symptoms start 1-2 days before the period and some of these symptoms include acne, swollen or tender breasts, trouble sleeping, upset stomach, bloating, constipation or diarrhoea, anxiety, depression etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation is triggered by an abrupt decline in the amount of 

  1. Luteinising hormone

  2. Follicle-stimulating hormone

  3. Estrogen

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Progesterone is the hormone which is released by the corpus luteum and the placenta. The hormone is known as the pregnancy hormone which helps in the maintenance of the cell lining of the endometrium. When the released egg is not fertilised, then the level of progesterone decreases as the corpus luteum degenerates. The low level of progesterone results in shedding of the cells from the uterine wall causing menstruation. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The limited period of sexual receptive that occurs around the time of ovulation in all female mammals except humans called 

  1. Menstruation

  2. Luteinisation

  3. Oogenesis

  4. Estrous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Females of most vertebrate species exhibit recurring periods of heightened sexual activity in which they are sexually attractive, proceptive and receptive to the males. In mammalian females (except humans, old world monkeys and apes) this periodic sex appeal is referred to as estrous or heat i.e., ready to accept a male and to mate. One or more estrous may occur during the breeding of a species. Prior to ovulation, the endometrium (uterine wall) thickens, in preparation for holding the fertilised ova. As the proliferation of uterine tissue reaches its peak, receptivity is highest. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Complete end of menstrual cycle in females is marked by

  1. Menopause

  2. Menstruation

  3. Menarche

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The complete end of the menstrual cycle in females is marked by menopause. Menopause can occur in your 40s or 50s. Menopause is a natural biological process. Although it also ends fertility, you can stay healthy, vital and sexual.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following processes occur once a month in an adolescent girl?

  1. Fertilisation

  2. Ovulation

  3. Menstruation

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle which takes place in the females in every 28 days after puberty. The ovulation is the release of the egg or the female gamete which takes place on the 14$^{th}$ day of the cycle. There is only one egg produced and released every month. The process of menstruation is the bleeding phase which takes place every from for about 5 days.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.  

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstrual cycle occurs in 

  1. Female primates

  2. Human females

  3. Mammalian females

  4. Rabbit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Menstrual cycle occurs in  female primates.
The menstrual cycle refers to the hormonal and reproductive tissue changes that occur in adult female mammals during their reproductive years. It is found primarily in humans and close relatives such as chimpanzees. Beyond primates, it is known only in bats and the elephant shrew. 
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Cessation of menstrual cycle in the human female is known as 

  1. Ovulation

  2. Puberty

  3. Menopause

  4. Maturation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ovulation is the process of releasing the matured egg or ovum.
Puberty is the process of physical changes whereby the child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.
The cessation of the woman's menstrual cycle and hence the end of reproductive ability is called as menopause. Menopause occurs due to the natural cessation of the estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries over a period of years. This is the part of the normal aging process.
The process of becoming mature is maturation.
Thus, the correct answer is (C), 'Menopause'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The estrous cycle occurs in 

  1. Mouse

  2. Gorilla

  3. Chimpanzee

  4. Monkey
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The estrous cycle is the period of reproductive cycle in female non primates e.g., mouse. There are four stages of estrous cycle: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. In primates, menstraul cycle is the period of reproductive cycle e.g., golirlla, chimpanzee and monkey.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

First menstrual cycle is

  1. Parturition

  2. Menopause

  3. Menarche

  4. Implantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The first menstrual cycle that occurs during puberty at the age of $11-14$ years is known as menarche.
  • The last menstrual cycle or cessation of the menstrual cycle at the age of $45-50$ years is known as menopause. 
  • Menarche marks the beginning of reproductive life and menopause marks the end of the reproductive cycle.
Implantation is the attachment of blastocyst to the endometrium of the uterus. It occurs after around 7 days after fertilization.
  • Parturition is the expulsion of the baby from the mother's womb after completion of the gestation period (9 months).

Hence, the correct option is C.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Loss of reproductive capacity in women after age of 45 years is called

  1. Mensturation

  2. Ageing

  3. Menopause

  4. Menarche
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Menopause is termed as the end of menstruation.
  • At the of 45 - 50 the ovaries stop producing estrogen.
  • The level of estrogen and progesterone decreases at this age which is responsible for the end of menstruation.
So, the correct option is 'Menopause'
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following is correct?

  1. Menstrual cycle is present in all mammals.

  2. Menstrual cycle is present in all primates.

  3. Estrus cycle occurs in all mammals.

  4. Most mammals are ovoviviparous.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gamete formation in females is a cyclic activity that takes about 28/29 days and involves changes in the structure and function of the entire reproductive system. It is called menstrual cycle.

It occurs only in primates( monkeys, apes and human beings). The latter do not show a cyclic change in sex urge and permit copulation at any time in the menstrual cycle. Human female may accept a male at any time, though there is variation in her level of desire.
So, the correct answer is 'Menstrual cycle is present in all primates'

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which is correctly matched in a normal menstrual cycle?

  1. Endometrium regenerates - 5 to 10 days
  2. Release of egg- 5$^{th}$ day

  3. Endometrium secretes nutrients for implantation- 11 to 18 days

  4. Rise in progesterone level- 1 to 15 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Just after the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase starts that shows an increase in the level of the FSH or follicular stimulating hormone. This leads to the regeneration of the endometrium lining. The regeneration takes around 5 to 10 days. On the 14$^{th}$ day, the ovulation takes place.

So, the correct option is 'Endometrium regenerates - 5 to 10 days'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation is caused by

  1. Increase in FSH level

  2. Fall in oxytocin level

  3. Fall in progesterone level

  4. Increase in oestrogen level
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation is triggered by reduced levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in a female's body at the end of the previous menstrual cycle. This decline in hormone levels is due to the absence of a fertilized egg implanting on the walls of the endometrium.