Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

What symptoms are commonly seen prior to menstruation?

  1. Fever

  2. Headache

  3. Blisters

  4. Acne
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. These symptoms interfere with normal life, and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome, in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, symptoms are severe. 

So, the correct answer is 'Acne'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which symptoms can be seen during menopause?

  1. Fever

  2. Acne

  3. Anxiety

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The physical symptoms such as hot flashes and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or for some women trigger anxiety or feelings of sadness and loss. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following processes occur once a month in an adolescent girl?

  1. Fertilisation

  2. Ovulation

  3. Menstruation

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle which takes place in the females in every 28 days after puberty. The ovulation is the release of the egg or the female gamete which takes place on the 14$^{th}$ day of the cycle. There is only one egg produced and released every month. The process of menstruation is the bleeding phase which takes place every from for about 5 days.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.  

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstrual cycle occurs in 

  1. Female primates

  2. Human females

  3. Mammalian females

  4. Rabbit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Menstrual cycle occurs in  female primates.
The menstrual cycle refers to the hormonal and reproductive tissue changes that occur in adult female mammals during their reproductive years. It is found primarily in humans and close relatives such as chimpanzees. Beyond primates, it is known only in bats and the elephant shrew. 
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Cessation of menstrual cycle in the human female is known as 

  1. Ovulation

  2. Puberty

  3. Menopause

  4. Maturation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ovulation is the process of releasing the matured egg or ovum.
Puberty is the process of physical changes whereby the child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.
The cessation of the woman's menstrual cycle and hence the end of reproductive ability is called as menopause. Menopause occurs due to the natural cessation of the estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries over a period of years. This is the part of the normal aging process.
The process of becoming mature is maturation.
Thus, the correct answer is (C), 'Menopause'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The estrous cycle occurs in 

  1. Mouse

  2. Gorilla

  3. Chimpanzee

  4. Monkey
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The estrous cycle is the period of reproductive cycle in female non primates e.g., mouse. There are four stages of estrous cycle: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. In primates, menstraul cycle is the period of reproductive cycle e.g., golirlla, chimpanzee and monkey.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

First menstrual cycle is

  1. Parturition

  2. Menopause

  3. Menarche

  4. Implantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The first menstrual cycle that occurs during puberty at the age of $11-14$ years is known as menarche.
  • The last menstrual cycle or cessation of the menstrual cycle at the age of $45-50$ years is known as menopause. 
  • Menarche marks the beginning of reproductive life and menopause marks the end of the reproductive cycle.
Implantation is the attachment of blastocyst to the endometrium of the uterus. It occurs after around 7 days after fertilization.
  • Parturition is the expulsion of the baby from the mother's womb after completion of the gestation period (9 months).

Hence, the correct option is C.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Loss of reproductive capacity in women after age of 45 years is called

  1. Mensturation

  2. Ageing

  3. Menopause

  4. Menarche
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Menopause is termed as the end of menstruation.
  • At the of 45 - 50 the ovaries stop producing estrogen.
  • The level of estrogen and progesterone decreases at this age which is responsible for the end of menstruation.
So, the correct option is 'Menopause'
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following is correct?

  1. Menstrual cycle is present in all mammals.

  2. Menstrual cycle is present in all primates.

  3. Estrus cycle occurs in all mammals.

  4. Most mammals are ovoviviparous.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gamete formation in females is a cyclic activity that takes about 28/29 days and involves changes in the structure and function of the entire reproductive system. It is called menstrual cycle.

It occurs only in primates( monkeys, apes and human beings). The latter do not show a cyclic change in sex urge and permit copulation at any time in the menstrual cycle. Human female may accept a male at any time, though there is variation in her level of desire.
So, the correct answer is 'Menstrual cycle is present in all primates'

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which is correctly matched in a normal menstrual cycle?

  1. Endometrium regenerates - 5 to 10 days
  2. Release of egg- 5$^{th}$ day

  3. Endometrium secretes nutrients for implantation- 11 to 18 days

  4. Rise in progesterone level- 1 to 15 days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Just after the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase starts that shows an increase in the level of the FSH or follicular stimulating hormone. This leads to the regeneration of the endometrium lining. The regeneration takes around 5 to 10 days. On the 14$^{th}$ day, the ovulation takes place.

So, the correct option is 'Endometrium regenerates - 5 to 10 days'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation is caused by

  1. Increase in FSH level

  2. Fall in oxytocin level

  3. Fall in progesterone level

  4. Increase in oestrogen level
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation is triggered by reduced levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in a female's body at the end of the previous menstrual cycle. This decline in hormone levels is due to the absence of a fertilized egg implanting on the walls of the endometrium.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Which of the following statement is false?

  1. Menarche is beginning of menstruation

  2. Menstruation is shedding of endometrial lining

  3. Menopause occurs in the beginning of puberty

  4. Ovulation occurs under high titre of LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation starts at puberty which is known as menarche. It is the shredding of endometrial lining, ovum and some blood vessels. It ends at the age of 45 to 50 which is known as menopause. It is a cyclic process which happens every month. It includes the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase. Ovulatory phase happens because of a sudden release of LH hormone.

So, the correct option is 'Menopause occurs at the beginning of puberty'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Withdrawal of which hormone is the immediate cause of menstruation?

  1. Estrogen

  2. FSH

  3. FSH-RH

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

After ovulation, the pituitary hormones FSH and LH cause the remaining parts of the dominant follicle to transform into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. The increased progesterone in the adrenals starts to induce the production of estrogen. The hormones produced by the corpus luteum also suppress production of the FSH and LH that the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself. Consequently, the level of FSH and LH fall quickly over time, and the corpus luteum subsequently atrophies. Falling levels of progesterone trigger menstruation and the beginning of the next cycle.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Menstrual cycle occurs in

  1. Human females

  2. Mammalian females

  3. Primate females

  4. Rabbit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • The menstrual cycle is a monthly cycle in which the primate females ovulate once in a month.
  • Menstruation is important because it prepares the body for the fertilization and is a key process in reproduction.
  • The cycle occurs in humans, chimpanzees and Orangutans, gorillas and monkeys.
  • Other mammals have a similar cycle which is known as the oestrous cycle.
So, the correct option is 'Primate females'