Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The LH surge is essentially a signal sent from the brain to the ovary,which indicates

  1. Onset of implantation

  2. An egg is mature

  3. Fertilization

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The LH surge causes the initiation of the process of ovulation. 
  • After ovulation, the follicle is transformed into the corpus luteum, which is stimulated by LH.
  •  It occurs roughly 36 hours before ovulation which indicates egg has matured and is ready for fertilisation. Hence, The LH surge is essentially a signal sent from the brain to the ovary, which indicates An egg is mature.
So, the correct answer is 'An egg is mature'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Consider the synchronization of birth and milk production. Babies can be born several months prematurely, and milk production is needed immediately after birth. How has the human body evolved to coordinate this delicate timing of events?

  1. The ovaries signal the rest of the body tissues by varying the level of estrogen.

  2. Conscious awareness of the arrival of a baby triggers the mother's hypothalamus to secrete prolactin.

  3. The hypothalamus and pituitary that triggered the female reproductive cycle also schedule milk production on a nine-month clock basis.

  4. Oxytocin both causes the uterus to contract in labor and stimulates the release of milk from mammary glands, which is reinforced by prolactin from the pituitary.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The hypothalamus and pituitary that triggered the female reproductive cycle do not schedule milk production on a nine-month clock basis. But oxytocin is released due to the stimulation by fetal ejection reflex. By this stimulation, oxytocin is released which causes contraction in uterus wall and also stimulates prolactin secretion for milk production in mammary gland. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following is not true about antifertility drugs? 

  1. Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

  2. Both compounds i.e.estrogen and progesterone are vitamins.

  3. Progesterone is supposed to suppress ovulation.

  4. Norethindrone is an example of synthetic progesterone derivative.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogen and progesterone are hormones.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which hormone suppresses ovulation in women?

  1. Progesterone

  2. Estrogen

  3. Chloroxylenol

  4. Prontosils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Women commonly take progesterone to help start menstrual periods that unexpectedly stopped, treat abnormal uterine bleeding associated with hormonal imbalance, and treat severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Progesterone is also used in combination with the hormone estrogen to "oppose estrogen" as part of hormone replacement therapy. If estrogen is given without progesterone, estrogen increases the risk of uterine cancer.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Most contraceptive pills contain:

  1. norethindrone

  2. ethynylestradiol

  3. both A and B

  4. equanil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Norethindrone is an example of a synthetic progesterone derivative, most widely used as an anti-fertility drug. The estrogen derivative which is used in combination with progesterone derivative is ethynylestradiol (novestrol). So, both are anti-fertility drugs.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Birth control pills as antifertility drugs, essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and _____________  hormones.

  1. protonsil

  2. progesterone derivative

  3. chloroxylenol

  4. quaternary ammonium salt
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones that are associated with ovulation and menstruation in females. Besides this, both play important role in pregnancy.

The birth control pills are the derivative of these estrogens and progesterone.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following is incorrect for benefits of antifertility drugs?

  1. They cause no interference in sexual activities and risk of pregnancy is reduced.

  2. The chance of cancer in uterus is increased if the pills are taken in long term dose.

  3. They can be taken immediately after childbirth.

  4. They might cause reduction in menstrual bleeding.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

These drugs generally do not have many side effects, weight gain is the only issue know to be reported. These drugs are very useful if taken in the in the proper dose, following are its significant benefits:

1. They cause no interference in sexual activities and the risk of pregnancy is reduced.
2. They might cause a reduction in menstrual bleeding.
3. They can be taken immediately after childbirth.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

If a human female starts developing male characteristics like beard, degeneration of uterus and ovaries, enlargement of clitoris etc. It may be due to

  1. Over production oestrogen and testosterone

  2. Damage to posterior pituitary

  3. Over production of adrenal androgens

  4. Surgical removal of mammary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Excess amounts of androgens result in acne, hirsutism (excess hair growth on the chin or upper lip) and thinning hair. Many women with high levels of a form of testosterone have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, blood sugar disorders. High levels of androgens are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart disease.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

A decrease in the level of estrogen-progesterone causes

  1. Growth and dilation of myometrium

  2. Growth of endometrium

  3. Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to shedding of endometrium or uterine epithelium

  4. Release of ovum from the ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) accompanied by bleeding. Bleeding occurs after oestrogen and progesterone levels decrease at the end of the previous cycle. This decrease causes the top layers of thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) to break down and be shed. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Luteinizing hormone

  1. Stimulates ovulation

  2. Stimulates the egg mother cell to undergo completion of meiotic cycle

  3. Stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In females, ovulation of mature follicles on the ovary is induced by LH secretion known as the preovulatory LH surge. Residual cells within ovulated follicles proliferate to form corpus luteum, which secretes the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol. Progesterone is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy, and, in most mammals, LH is required for continued development and function of corpora lutea. The name luteinizing hormone derives from this effect of inducing luteinization of ovarian follicles.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The persistence of corpus luteum during pregnancy is due to a hormone known as

  1. Chorionic gonadotropic hormone

  2. FSH

  3. Estrogen

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is the embryonic hormone, which ensures the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone until the placenta is established (the placenta then takes over progesterone production).

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Most of the contraceptive pills contain

  1. Estrogen and FSH

  2. Progesterone and LH

  3. FSH and LH

  4. Oestrogen and progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Most birth control pills are combination pills containing a combination of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation. A woman cannot get pregnant if she doesn't ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized. The pill also works by thickening the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach any eggs that may have been released. The hormones in the pill can also sometimes affect the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for an egg to attach to the wall of the uterus.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Immediate cause of induction of ovulation in human female, is surge of

  1. Progesterone

  2. LH

  3. FSH

  4. Estradiol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

FSH is primarily involved in stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH induces ovulation. At ovulation, the ovum or egg is released and the ruptured follicle is transformed into a corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone as its main product. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Ovulation in mammals occurs mainly under the influence of 

  1. TSH and ACTH

  2. FSH and LH

  3. TSH and STH

  4. MTH and ACTH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. 

FSH initiates follicular growth and the secretion of estrogens by the growth follicles. 
LH stimulates the further development of ovarian follicles and their full secretion of estrogens, brings about ovulation, promotes the formation of the corpus luteum and stimulates the production of estrogens, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin by the corpus luteum.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which temporary endocrine gland forms in ovary after ovulation? 

  1. Corpus callosum

  2. Corpus albicans

  3. Corpus luteum

  4. Corpus striata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in female mammals, that is involved in the production of progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and inhibin. The corpus luteum develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or oestrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation.