Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Given below are three statements each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in, any two statements.
(A) In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age; this is termed as  (i) .
(B) The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called  (i)  which contains several  (ii)  absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new-born babies.
(C) At the completion of the  (i)  division the primary oocyte divides into secondary oocyte and  (ii) .

  1. (A)-(i) menarche; (B)-(i) lactation, (ii) minerals

  2. (B)-(i) colostrum, (ii) antibodies, (C)-(i) first meiotic, (ii) first polar body

  3. (A)-(i) menopause; (C)-(i) second meiotic, (ii) second polar body

  4. (A)-(i) menopause; (B)-(i) corpus luteum, (ii) antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation after the pregnancy and starts producing milk towards the end of it, called lactation and the milk produced during these initial few days is referred to as colostrum. This contains many antibodies that is essential for the new born babies to develop resistance against any pathogen attack or disease. During oogenesis the gamete mother cell undergoes meiosis division to form the primary oocyte and this further divides into the secondary oocyte and a polar body by means of an unequal division. 

So, the correct option is ' (B)-(i) colostrum, (ii) antibodies, (C)-(i) first meiotic, (ii) first polar body'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Corpus luteum develops from

  1. Oocyte

  2. Nephrostome

  3. Graafian follicle

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

After ovulation the lining of the (graafian) follicles grow inward, forming corpus luteum (yellow body), which temporary function as endocrine tissue. It secrete estrogen and progesterone, which stops additional ovulation, and thickening of uterine wall. If pregnancy does not occur within 14 days corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation follows.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

The process of delivery of the feotus is called 

  1. Parturition

  2. Implantation

  3. Fertilisation

  4. Lactation

  5. Ovulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition can be defined as the act of expelling the full term young ones from the mother's uterus at the end of the gestation period. In other words, the process of delivery of the fetus is known as parturition.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Breast feeding suspends pregnancy due to

  1. Post pregnancy lower levels of FSH and LH

  2. Post pregnancy higher levels of FSH and LH which puts a negative check on ovulation

  3. Inhibiting the release of FSH by prolactin and thus countering the effects of FSH on the ovarian follicles

  4. Increasing the release of inhibin by prolactin and thus countering the effects of FSH on the ovarian follicles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hypothalamus secretes the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone which is responsible for menstruation sequence. The GnrRH repressed by the prolactin hormone, which encourages the production of milk. Without the GnRH release, the menstrual cycle wont begin a new event of pregnancy.

As long as prolactin level are high, GnRH generally won't be release. Now GnRH is responsible for the release of the follicular stimulating hormone. The hormone FSH is responsible for the formation of ovarian follicle. So, as GnRH is stopped there will be an inhibition in the release of FSH by prolactin and thus thus it counter the effects of FSH on the ovarian follicle. So, there will be a delay in ovulation that will automatically prevent pregnancy. 
So, the correct option is 'Inhibiting the release of FSH by prolactin and thus countering the effects of FSH on the ovarian follicle'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Which of these is not an important component of the initiation of parturition in humans?

  1. Synthesis of prostaglandins

  2. Release of oxytocin

  3. Release of prolactin

  4. Increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Parturition is a phenomenon of giving birth. It is a process of delivering a child from the womb to the outside. It is usually initiated by the release of oxytocin hormone. 
  • This hormone increases the contraction of uterine muscles. Prostaglandins are synthesized and released in response to the oxytocin hormone. Also, an increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio indicates the initiation of the parturition process. 
  • Prolactin hormones are released after the parturition in order to secrete the milk from the mammary gland.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Release of prolactin.'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans
Gestation period of $280$ days is calculated from time of

  1. Last menstruation

  2. Fertilization

  3. Next menstruation

  4. Puberty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The gestation period is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. This is used to calculate the expected date of delivery (EDD).

So the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans
Gestation period is duration 

  1. Between egg growth and ovulation

  2. Between fertilization and parturition

  3. Between preparation of sex cells and fertilization

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Development of fetus from the time of conception until birth is called as gestation period.

So the correct option is 'Between fertilization and parturition.'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Match the columns and find the correct options.

Column I Column II
a Parturition p Attachment of zygote to endometrium
b Gestation q Release of egg from Graafian follicle
c Ovulation r Delivery of baby from uterus
d Implantation s Duration between pregnancy and birth
e Conception t Formation of zygote by fusion of egg and sperm
u Stoppage of ovulation and menstruation

  1. a-q, b-s, c-p, d-t, e-r

  2. a-s, b-r, c-p, d-t, e-q

  3. a-t, b-p, c-q, d-r, e-s

  4. a-r, b-s, c-q, d-p, e-t
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is also called as childbirth. It is the act of delivering baby from uterus. Gestation is a period of developing embryo from conception to birth. It is a duration considered between pregnancy and birth. Ovulation is a process of releasing of egg from the ovary or Graafian follicle. Implantation is the process in which fertilized egg or zygote adheres or attaches to the endometrium wall of the uterus. Conception is the act of conceiving  a baby. In this, zygote is formed from the fusion of egg and sperm.

Thus, the correct answer is 'a-r, b-s, c-q, d-p, e-t.'

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Mother's milk is preferred to cow's milk because it contains

  1. More fats and more lipids

  2. Less lopids and more fats

  3. More lipids and less fats

  4. Less fats and less lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Whole cow's milk also contains too much protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and chloride which may put a strain on an infant's immature kidneys. In addition, the proteins, fats and calcium in whole cow's milk are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb than the ones in breast milk. So, the correct option is "D" (Less fats and less lipids).

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Column I contains terms and Column II contains definitions. Match them correctly and choose the right answer.

Column I Column II
A Parturition 1. Attachment of zygote to endometrium
B. Gestation 2. Release of egg from Graafian follicle
C. Ovulation 3. Delivery of baby from uterus
D. Implantation 4. Duration between pregnancy and birth
E. Conception 5. Formation of zygote by fusion of the egg and sperm
6. Stoppage of ovulation and menstruation

  1. A - 2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 5, E - 3

  2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 5, E - 2

  3. A - 5, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3, E - 4

  4. A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1, E - 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The duration of pregnancy from conception till birth is known as gestation. It occurs for a duration of 40 weeks. The release of eggs from the ovaries (or the mature graafian follicle) is known as ovulation. Implantation is the process in which the embryo in the blastocyst stage is implanted in the uterus. When the egg fuss with the sperm resulting in the formation of zygote it is known as conception. Parturition is the act of childbirth in which the baby is delivered from the uterus. So, the correct option is 'A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1, E - 5'.

Multiple choice zoology menustral cycle in human parturition and lactation pregnancy and birth fertilization and post fertilization in humans

Estrogen progesterone ratio increases during end of the 3rd trimester. This is responsible for increasing

  1. Lactation

  2. Uterine contractions

  3. Oxytocin secretion

  4. Dilation of uterus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The increased levels of oxytocin at the time of parturition are responsible for vigorous uterine contractions and the dilation of the uterus. 
  • The estrogen-progesterone ratio increases during the end of the 3rd trimester which results in the increased ability of the mammary glands for lactation.

So, the correct answer is 'lactation'.

Multiple choice biology reaching the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

Cessation of menstrual cycle is called as

  1. Ovulation

  2. Menopause

  3. Puberty

  4. Implantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed as menopause. 

Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause.

Multiple choice biology reaching the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The stage during which menstruation stops in adult female is

  1. Menopause

  2. Menarche

  3. Mensus

  4. Puberty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

After the age of 45, the number of ovarian follicles decrease and the ovaries become less responsive to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Hence the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone. So the menstrual cycle stops and reproductive capacity is arrested. Menopause marks the end of reproductive phase. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology reaching the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

The reproductive cycle in primate female is

  1. Menstrual cycle

  2. Oestrous cycle

  3. Menopause

  4. Puberty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reproductive cycle in primate female is menstrual cycle which is hormonal and reproductive tissue changes that occur in adult female mammals during their reproductive year and it is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days. It is an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible because it is necessary for the production of eggs.

So, the correct answer is option A.