Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

742 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology population - the increasing numbers and rising problem earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Lippes loop is manufactured in lndia at

  1. Madras

  2. Calcutta

  3. Bangalore

  4. Kanpur
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lippes loop is a type of intrauterine contraceptive device made of inert plastic in a double S-shape, which can be inserted through the cervix into a cannula and takes a trapezoidal shape within the uterus. The Lippies Loop was made up of polyethylene and impregnated with radium phosphate for radiopacity. It was used worldwide but in many countries including India as well, it is being replaced with Copper T. It was manufactured in Kanpur. Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology reproductive system of human earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Yellow corpus luteum occurs in mammals in

  1. Heart to initiate heart beat.

  2. Skin to function as pain receptor.

  3. Brain and connects cerebral hemispheres.

  4. Ovary for secretion of progesterone.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Maturation of the follicle is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, and oestrogen secreted by the follicle lining cells. Ovulation is triggered by a surge of luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary, which occurs a few hours before ovulation. After ovulation, the follicle lining cells develop into the corpus luteum (yellow body), under the influence of LH from the anterior pituitary. The corpus luteum produces the hormone progesterone and some oestrogen. If the ovum is fertilised it embeds itself in the wall of the uterus where it grows and develops and produces the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone and oestrogen for the first 3 months of the pregnancy and, after which time this function is continued by the placenta.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Mainly which hormones control menstrual cycle in human beings : -

  1. FSH

  2. LH

  3. FSH, LH, Estrogen

  4. Progesteron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which are produced by the pituitary gland, promote ovulation and stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

So, the correct answer is 'FSH, LH, Estrogen'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Menstrual flow occurs due to lack of :

  1. Progesterone

  2. FSH

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Vasopressin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

the functions of the following hormones are:

Progesterone: Maintains the endometrium and pregnancy, its withdrawal results in menstrual flow or abortion respectively.
FSH: stimulates gonadal activity and hence is called gonadotropins. Its deficiency will cause non-maturation of germ cells.
Oxytocin: It stimulates vigorous contractions of the uterus at the time of childbirth and milk ejection from mammary glands.
Vasopressin: acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water
and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (diuresis). Hence, it is also called an anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
So, the correct answer is 'Option A- Progesterone'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Hormone controlling human menstrual cycle is

  1. Estrogen

  2. FSH

  3. LH

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

FSH is responsible for the growth of the Graafian follicle in the ovary. It also promotes the growth of follicles and promotes the secretion of oestrogen in the ovary.
Oestrogen is the female sex hormone. It is responsible for the endometrial thickening and it also helps in the healing of the wall of the uterus.
LH is the Leutenizing hormone and is responsible for the ovulation that takes place on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

What is the source of increase in concentration of estrogen in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle?

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Anterior pituitary

  3. Ovary

  4. Corpus lateum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is defined as the first day of menstruation until ovulation.
  • It is initiated by a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone levels on the first day of the cycle. Produced by the hypothalamus.
So, the correct option is 'Hypothalamus'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Secondary peak level of estrogen in menstruation cycle occurs due to ___________________.

  1. Formation of graafian follicle

  2. Ovulation

  3. Formation of primary follicle

  4. Formation of corpus luteum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Secondary peak level of estrogen in menstruation cycle occurs due to formation of corpus luetum.


The menstrual cycle is controlled by a series of changes in hormone levels, primarily estrogen and progesterone. 

The menstrual cycle is divided into three stages:- follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase.

The luteal phase begins with the formation of the corpus luetum stimulated by FSH and LH and ends in either progenny or luteolysis. The main hormone associated with this stage is progesterone which is produces by growing corpus luteum and is significantly higher during the luteal phase than any other phases of the cycle. 

Several days after ovulation, the increasing amount of estrogen produces by the corpus luetum may cause one or two days of fertile cervical mucus , lower basal body temperatures or both. It is known as secondary estrogen surge. The hormone produced by corpus luteum suppress production of the FSH and LH which leads to its atrophy. Death of corpus luteum results in falling levels of progesterone and estrogen which triggers the end of lateral phase and then the next cycle starts with the increase levels of FSH 

If Implantation occurs, the corpus luteum will continue producing progesterone for $8$ to $12$ weeks after which placenta takes over this function.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

In the human female, menstruation can be deferred by the administration of?

  1. FSH only

  2. LH only

  3. Combination of FSH and LH

  4. Combination of estrogen and progesteron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the production of progesterone and estrogen hormone stops in blood this leads to shed off the lying of uterine endometrium.
  • Progestrone and estradiol continue the hypertrophy of endo metrial lining in the uterus and fallopian tubes and maintain it throughout pregnancy.
  • Progesterone is also necessary for the proper implanation of the foetus in the uterine wall. It stimulates tyhe endometrial glands to secrete a nutrient fluid for the foetus, hence the term secretory phase.
  • Therefore, by supply of estrogen and progesterone the menstruation can be deferred
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Progesterone level falls leading to

  1. Gestation

  2. Menopause

  3. Lactation

  4. Menstruation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In human females the menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flow occurs and it lasts for 3 - 5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels, which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised and consequently, there is a fall in blood progesterone level. Post fertilization, the corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone, which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium. 

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

When the levels of progesterone fall in a human female, which event is expected to occur ? 

  1. The endometrial lining will thicken.

  2. The ovum will emerge from the ovary.

  3. The endometrial lining will slough off.

  4. The ovarian follicle will develop around the ovum.

  5. The levels of FSH and LH will peak.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When the level of progesterone fall in human female, primary follicles grow in the ovary and outer two thirds of endometrium shed off.
So, the correct answer is 'The endometrial lining will slough off'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Pick up the correct information about menstrual cycle control.
1. Estrogen and progesterone of ovary

2. FSH of pituitary
3. FSH and LH of pituitary
4. Oxytocin.

  1. 1, 2, 3 correct

  2. 1, 2 correct

  3. 2, 4 correct

  4. 1, 3 correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual flow followed by the follicle phase. During the follicular phase levels of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) increase and also the levels of estrogen increase. This rapid secretion of LH and FSH leads to LH surge and hence ovulation. After the ovulation luteal phase is accompanied by the formation of Corpus luteum. The Corpus luteum is responsible for the secretions of progesterone. 
So,  the correct option is '1, 3 correct'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Disintegration of corpus luteum occurs due to inhibition of secretion of ............ hormone.

  1. LTH

  2. FSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Corpus luteum is responsible for higher levels of progesterone whereas LH is responsible for its persistence. As soon as the level of LH decreases, degeneration of corpus luteum takes place. FSH does not play any significant role in the regression of corpus luteum whereas LTH does not have any role in the menstrual cycle.

So, the correct option is 'LH'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which of the following is not a function of progesterone?

  1. Gestation

  2. Inhibition of ovulation

  3. Uterine growth and development

  4. Stimulation of mammary secretion.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation


Progesterone is the ovarian hormone which helps in the development of mammary glands but not the secretion of mammary glands.
So the correct option is 'Stimulation of mammary secretion.’

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

FSH was administered to a group of rats who had their anterior glands removed.Compared with the control group of normal rats,which of the following events did NOT takes places in the experiment animals?

  1. Proliferation of the endometrium

  2. Maturation of a Graafian follicle

  3. Development of the corpos luteum

  4. Build - up of oestrogen in the blood stream
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Mainly which type of hormones control the menstrual cycle in human beings?

  1. FSH

  2. LH

  3. FSH, LH, estrogen

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. FSH, LH, and estrogen are the primary hormones that coordinate the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.