Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction reproductive systems different stages of growth reproductive system in humans human system

Match column I (terms) with column II (definitions) and select the correct options from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Parturition (i) Attachment of embryo to endometrium
B. Gestation (ii) Release of egg from Graafian follicle
C. Ovulation (iii) Delivery of baby from uterus
D. Implantation (iv) Duration between pregnancy and birth
E. Conception (v) Formation of zygote by fusion of the egg and sperm
(vi) Stoppage of ovulation and menstruation

  1. A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (v), E - (vi)

  2. A - (iv), B - (iii), C - (i), D - (v), E - (ii)

  3. A - (v), B - (vi), C - (ii), D - (iii), E - (iv)

  4. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i), E - (v)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parturition is the delivery or childbirth of baby from the uterus. Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals and the duration between pregnancy and birth. Ovulation is the process of release of the ovum from the Graafian follicle as it ruptures. Implantation is the process of attachment of the zygote to the endometrial lining of the uterus. Conception refers to the post-fertilization fusion of the egg and sperm into the zygote.

So, the correct option is 'A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i), E - (v)'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Find the correct options.
(a) Testosterone influences male secondary sexual characters.
(b) Gestation period in Rabbit is about 276 days.
(c) The bulbourethral gland secretes a vaginal lubricant.
(d) Placenta secretes estrogen.

  1. b, c

  2. c, d

  3. a, d

  4. a, b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Testosterone is the male hormone which helps in the formation of sperms and male secondary sexual characters. 

B) The gestation period of a rabbit is about 27 to 30 days.
C) Bulbourethral gland helps in lubrication of the penis.
 D) Placenta secretes many hormones like human placental lactogen, human chorionic gonadotropin,  estrogens, progesterone, etc.
So the correct option is 'a,d'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs

Which set is similar?

  1. Corpus luteum : graafian follicles

  2. Sebum : sweat

  3. Bundle of his : Pace maker
  4. Vita $B _7$: Niacin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sebum is an oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands, tiny ducts adjacent to hair follicles. Sebum is secreted into the follicle, from which it spreads over the hair and skin. The main role of sebum is to waterproof the skin and hair. Sweat is a salty, watery solution produced by sweat glands, numerous microscopic channels opening onto the skin surface. As sebum and sweat mix up on the skin surface, they form a protective layer often referred to as the acid mantle . Acid mantle has a particular level of acidity characterized by pH from about 4 to 5.5. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, above 7 is alkaline, and below is acidic. 


So, the correct option is 'Sebum : Sweat'.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Estrous cycle is characteristic of

  1. Human females

  2. Mammalian females

  3. Mammalian females other than primates

  4. Mammals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle refers to the series of events that periodically modifies the female reproductive tract of humans and advanced primates. In other mammals, a cycle of receptivity to sexual activity occurs that is probably less complex than the menstrual cycle and is known as the estrous cycle.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

A secondary sexual character is

  1. Breast

  2. Ovary

  3. Testis

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Those structures which are directly concerned with reproduction are considered primary sex characteristics. Secondary sexual characters can be used to differentiate between males and females and usually serve the purpose of attracting potential mates. Testosterone is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics such as a deep voice and facial hair. In the female, the hormones that most nearly parallel testosterone in their actions are the estrogens. Estrogens contribute to the development of the female secondary sex characteristics and stimulate the development of the mammary glands (breast in this question), the onset of menstruation, and the development and functioning of the reproductive organs. The other hormone produced by the female sex glands, called progesterone, assists in the normal development of pregnancy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Which of the following is correct?

  1. Menstrual cycle is present in all mammals.

  2. Menstrual cycle is present in all primates.

  3. Estrous cycle occurs in all mammals.

  4. Most mammals are ovoviviparous.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process of formation of mature female gametes is called oogenesis. The reproductive cycle of female primates is called menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle starts only after attaining sexual maturation (puberty). During ovulation only one ovum is released per menstrual cycle. The cyclical changes in the ovary and the uterus during menstrual cycle are induced by changes in the levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Estrous cycle is indication of

  1. Breeding period

  2. Estrogen secretion

  3. Menopause

  4. Pregnancy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The recurring physiological changes induced and regulated by reproductive hormones in non-primates constitute oestrous cycle. It consists of short period of heat generation which is then followed by anoestrous phase. Oestrous cycle is initiated as a result of no fertilization and is characterized by sloughing off of uterine endometrium, which was proliferated for implantation of fertilized egg, and its reabsorption. Since, non primate females become receptive to male during oestrous phase, it is indicator of breeding period. Estrogens are secreted by developing follicles in ovary during follicular phase coincide with first oestrous (low estrogens) and then proliferative phase (high level of estrogens by developing follicles) in uterus.This makes option B incorrect since, estrogens level is low during oestrous cycle. 

Menopause is the cessation of monthly cycle wherein ovaries do not respond to gonadotropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary and do not secrete estrogens and progesterone, it is unique to primate females while oestrous cycle is unique to non primates which makes option C incorrect. Pregnancy is marked by cessation of oestrous cycle, option D is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology reproductive system of human earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Yellow corpus luteum occurs in mammals in

  1. Heart to initiate heart beat.

  2. Skin to function as pain receptor.

  3. Brain and connects cerebral hemispheres.

  4. Ovary for secretion of progesterone.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Maturation of the follicle is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, and oestrogen secreted by the follicle lining cells. Ovulation is triggered by a surge of luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary, which occurs a few hours before ovulation. After ovulation, the follicle lining cells develop into the corpus luteum (yellow body), under the influence of LH from the anterior pituitary. The corpus luteum produces the hormone progesterone and some oestrogen. If the ovum is fertilised it embeds itself in the wall of the uterus where it grows and develops and produces the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone and oestrogen for the first 3 months of the pregnancy and, after which time this function is continued by the placenta.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Mainly which hormones control menstrual cycle in human beings : -

  1. FSH

  2. LH

  3. FSH, LH, Estrogen

  4. Progesteron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which are produced by the pituitary gland, promote ovulation and stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

So, the correct answer is 'FSH, LH, Estrogen'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Menstrual flow occurs due to lack of :

  1. Progesterone

  2. FSH

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Vasopressin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

the functions of the following hormones are:

Progesterone: Maintains the endometrium and pregnancy, its withdrawal results in menstrual flow or abortion respectively.
FSH: stimulates gonadal activity and hence is called gonadotropins. Its deficiency will cause non-maturation of germ cells.
Oxytocin: It stimulates vigorous contractions of the uterus at the time of childbirth and milk ejection from mammary glands.
Vasopressin: acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water
and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (diuresis). Hence, it is also called an anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
So, the correct answer is 'Option A- Progesterone'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Hormone controlling human menstrual cycle is

  1. Estrogen

  2. FSH

  3. LH

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

FSH is responsible for the growth of the Graafian follicle in the ovary. It also promotes the growth of follicles and promotes the secretion of oestrogen in the ovary.
Oestrogen is the female sex hormone. It is responsible for the endometrial thickening and it also helps in the healing of the wall of the uterus.
LH is the Leutenizing hormone and is responsible for the ovulation that takes place on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

What is the source of increase in concentration of estrogen in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle?

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Anterior pituitary

  3. Ovary

  4. Corpus lateum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is defined as the first day of menstruation until ovulation.
  • It is initiated by a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone levels on the first day of the cycle. Produced by the hypothalamus.
So, the correct option is 'Hypothalamus'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Secondary peak level of estrogen in menstruation cycle occurs due to ___________________.

  1. Formation of graafian follicle

  2. Ovulation

  3. Formation of primary follicle

  4. Formation of corpus luteum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Secondary peak level of estrogen in menstruation cycle occurs due to formation of corpus luetum.


The menstrual cycle is controlled by a series of changes in hormone levels, primarily estrogen and progesterone. 

The menstrual cycle is divided into three stages:- follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase.

The luteal phase begins with the formation of the corpus luetum stimulated by FSH and LH and ends in either progenny or luteolysis. The main hormone associated with this stage is progesterone which is produces by growing corpus luteum and is significantly higher during the luteal phase than any other phases of the cycle. 

Several days after ovulation, the increasing amount of estrogen produces by the corpus luetum may cause one or two days of fertile cervical mucus , lower basal body temperatures or both. It is known as secondary estrogen surge. The hormone produced by corpus luteum suppress production of the FSH and LH which leads to its atrophy. Death of corpus luteum results in falling levels of progesterone and estrogen which triggers the end of lateral phase and then the next cycle starts with the increase levels of FSH 

If Implantation occurs, the corpus luteum will continue producing progesterone for $8$ to $12$ weeks after which placenta takes over this function.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

In the human female, menstruation can be deferred by the administration of?

  1. FSH only

  2. LH only

  3. Combination of FSH and LH

  4. Combination of estrogen and progesteron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the production of progesterone and estrogen hormone stops in blood this leads to shed off the lying of uterine endometrium.
  • Progestrone and estradiol continue the hypertrophy of endo metrial lining in the uterus and fallopian tubes and maintain it throughout pregnancy.
  • Progesterone is also necessary for the proper implanation of the foetus in the uterine wall. It stimulates tyhe endometrial glands to secrete a nutrient fluid for the foetus, hence the term secretory phase.
  • Therefore, by supply of estrogen and progesterone the menstruation can be deferred
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Progesterone level falls leading to

  1. Gestation

  2. Menopause

  3. Lactation

  4. Menstruation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In human females the menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flow occurs and it lasts for 3 - 5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels, which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised and consequently, there is a fall in blood progesterone level. Post fertilization, the corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone, which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium.