Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,062 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Lymphatic system takes part in the nutritive process of the body.

  2. Lymphatic system protects the body by killing the germs drained out of the body tissues.

  3. The lymphatic capillaries contain lymphocytes that clean the lymph and protect the body from disease.

  4. The lymphatic system removes waste products from the body.

  5. Lymph flows in one direction, from the body tissues to the heart.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer choice as this statement is incorrect. The lymph capillaries are mainly responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluid from the tissues.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of the adipose tissue?

  1. It acts as an insulator.

  2. It keeps visceral organs in position.

  3. It provides shape to the limbs and the body.

  4. It serves as a storage site for calcium and phosphate.

  5. It serves as a fat reservoir.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a function of the adipose tissue. Adipose tissue does not serve as a storage site for calcium and phosphate.

Multiple choice

What is the primary function of sacroplasmic reticulum?

  1. Store calcium ions

  2. Synaptic transmission

  3. Forms myelin sheath

  4. Regeneration of nerves

  5. Acts as scavenger cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The sarcoplasm is the specialized cytoplasm of a muscle cell that contains the usual subcellular elements along with the golgi apparatus, abundant myofibrils, a modified endoplasmic reticulum known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), myoglobin and mitochondria. The SR forms a network around the myofibrils, storing and providing the Ca2+ that is required for muscle contraction.

Multiple choice

What is a “toxin”?

  1. It is basically a poison that harms an organism.

  2. It is a secretion from the salivary gland.

  3. Its a humoral factor in blood.

  4. It is an anticoagulant.

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A toxin is basically a poison that harms an organism.

Multiple choice

Iron is an extremely important transition metal in biology. It helps in performing many different biological functions, such as

  1. transport of O2 to tissues
  2. release of O2 to muscle cells
  3. cofactor to some enzymes

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3

  5. 1 and 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct because haemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein which transports O2 from the lungs to the tissues. Myoglobin, an iron-containing protein in muscles, receives oxygen from the red blood cells and transports it to the mitochondria of muscle cells and many enzymes vital to life contain iron, such as catalase, lipoxygenases and IRE-BP.

Multiple choice

The main function of the kidney is

  1. to remove waste products from the body

  2. to control blood pressure

  3. to help in digestion of food

  4. to control body temperature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Functions of kidneys are:

(a) Filtering out wastes to be excreted in the urine.
(b) Regulating blood pressure via both urinary excretion of wastes and initiating the rennin- angiotensen hormone regulatory system.
(c) Regulating an acid-base balance via the bicarbonate system. (d) Stimulating red blood cell production via the release of the hormone erythropoietin.

Multiple choice

Sleeping on the left side is useful because

  1. the heart is found in the left side of our body cavity

  2. the left side is pressed and gives relaxation to the right side

  3. it gives maximum relaxation to the muscles of the right side and keeps the liver warm and relaxed, and improves bile secretion

  4. the organs of left side are smaller than those on the right side
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sleeping on the left side is useful because it gives maximum relaxation to the muscles of the right side and keeps the liver warm and relaxed, and improves bile secretion.

Multiple choice

What is the main function of capsules in bacteria?

  1. To resist phagocytosis

  2. Helps in attachment to solid surface

  3. Motility

  4. Protection from osmotic lysis

  5. Bacterial mating
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Some bacteria make glycocalyx material that forms capsules around their cell walls. This property increases the virulence of the species. The capsule resists the host’s defenses by impairing phagocytosis (the process by which certain cells of the body engulf and destroy microbes) by evading the complement and antibody body defense responses. The chemical nature of the capsule appears to prevent the phagocytic cell from adhering to the bacterium.

Multiple choice

The function of Sertoli cells is ________.

  1. to transport the sperms

  2. to provide nutrition to the germ cells

  3. to synthesise and secrete testicular hormones

  4. sperm formation

  5. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

Multiple choice

From amongst the following options, select the most important role of microorganisms.

  1. Destruction of crops

  2. Production of food

  3. Breakdown of organic matter into inorganic chemicals

  4. Used as research tools for production of hormones

  5. Cause millions of deaths annually from diseases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Microorganisms are saprobes and breakdown organic matter into inorganic chemicals. It is the most important role of microorganisms.