Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,062 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

The function of white blood corpuscles is to

  1. Produce anti-bodies

  2. Give colour to blood

  3. Lubricate the body cells

  4. Produce red blood cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

White blood corpuscles (leukocytes) produce antibodies as part of the immune system's defense mechanism. They identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria and viruses.

Multiple choice

The main function of testes is to produce ____________.

  1. sperms

  2. urine

  3. eggs

  4. enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The testes are the male gonads responsible for producing sperm (spermatogenesis) and testosterone. Urine is produced by kidneys, eggs by ovaries, and enzymes by various glands, but not primarily by testes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following roles are played by the shiga toxin produced by Shigella?

a. Causes fluid accumulation in intestine b. Kills various cells by inactivating the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosmes c. Damages walls of the blood vessels d. Causes diarrhoea

  1. a and d

  2. a and c

  3. a, b and d

  4. a, b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Shiga toxin causes fluid accumulation in the intestine, kills various cells by inactivating the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and damages the walls of blood vessels.

Multiple choice

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with carboxypeptidase?

  1. Blood clotting

  2. Insulin biosynthesis

  3. Oxygen binding

  4. Growth factor production

  5. Wound healing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Myoglobin is an iron and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. It is related to haemoglobin, which is the iron and oxygen-binding protein in blood, specifically in the red blood cells.

Multiple choice

The effect of insulin is to ______.

  1. lower the level of glucose in the blood by stimulating glycogenesis in the liver and in the muscles

  2. inhibit gluconeogenesis in the river

  3. promote the uptake of amino acids into cells and prevent the breakdown of fat and protein in tissues, such as fat cells and muscles

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin has multiple metabolic effects: it lowers blood glucose by promoting glycogenesis (glucose storage as glycogen) in liver and muscle; inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver; promotes cellular uptake of amino acids; and prevents breakdown of fat and protein in adipose tissue and muscles. Since options A, B, and C are all valid insulin actions, 'all of the above' is correct.

Multiple choice

What is the function of glycine?

  1. It is required for the formation of nicotinamide.

  2. It is required for the formation of indole-3 acetic acid in plants.

  3. It is involved in the formation of haem, a portion of haemoglobin.

  4. It is converted into hormones.

  5. It is involved in the formation of silk proteins.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Glycine is required for the formation of haem portion of haemoglobin.

Multiple choice

Two functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum are to

  1. modify and activate hormones

  2. join with and hydrolyze food vacuoles

  3. detoxify and transport drugs

  4. synthesize and transport enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it its 'rough' appearance. These ribosomes synthesize proteins (including enzymes), which the rough ER then transports to the Golgi apparatus. Smooth ER detoxifies drugs, not rough ER.

Multiple choice

Directions: For this question, select the best of the answer choices given.

It is well known that human tears often serve to moisten the eye, protect it from infection, and wash away irritants; such tears are called irritant or reflex tears. Dr. Field hypothesizes that emotional tears have a different biological function. She suggests that by shedding tears when under emotional stress people excrete harmful chemicals that build up in such body fluids as blood serum during emotional stress. Each of the following, if true, provides some support for Dr. Field's hypothesis EXCEPT:

  1. The people most likely to cry when undergoing emotional stress are less likely to suffer from stress-related diseases than is the population at large.

  2. If a local anesthetic is applied to the surface of the eye, irritant and reflex tears are inhibited, but emotional tears are not.

  3. The chemical composition of tears that are induced by grit in the eye is identical to the composition of tears induced by emotional stress.

  4. The concentration of a substance that the body produces only under conditions of emotional stress is thirty times greater in tears than in blood serum.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

C is correct because if emotional tears and irritant tears (from grit) have identical chemical composition, this suggests emotional tears are NOT biologically different or special, which weakens the hypothesis that emotional tears have a unique function of excreting stress chemicals. A supports the hypothesis by showing criers have fewer stress-related diseases. B supports it by showing emotional tears are biologically different from irritant tears. D strongly supports the hypothesis by showing stress-related substances are concentrated in tears at much higher levels than in blood serum, supporting the excretion theory.

Multiple choice

What is the main function of hepatic veins?

  1. To drain de-oxygenated blood from liver

  2. To drain blood from gallbladder

  3. To conduct the blood from gastrointestinal track and spleen to liver

  4. To drain blood from yolk sac

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatic veins are the blood vessels that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver.

Multiple choice

The function of golgi complex is

  1. excretion

  2. respiration

  3. secretion

  4. reduction

  5. osmoregulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Golgi complex (or Golgi apparatus) is an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion. Its primary function is secretion - processing molecules for release outside the cell. Excretion (removing waste), respiration (energy production), reduction (chemical reaction), and osmoregulation (water balance) are functions of other cellular processes.

Multiple choice

Functions of a liver do not include __________.

  1. detoxification of blood

  2. synthesis of plasma proteins

  3. destruction of old erythrocytes

  4. bile production and excretion

  5. production of insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is produced by islet cells in the pancreas.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the function of perilipin protein?

  1. Acts as a proton conduction pathway.

  2. Inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme.

  3. Forms lipid droplets in adipocytes.

  4. Acts as a signal of energy sufficiency.

  5. Thermogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Perilipin protein is involved in the formation of lipid droplets in adipocytes, which inhibits lipolysis by preventing access to the lipase enzymes to the stored triacylglycerols.

Multiple choice

The primary function of the large intestine in man is:

  1. storage or waste materials

  2. extraction of water

  3. digestion of undigested materials

  4. absorption of all digested components
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The primary function of the large intestine is water absorption from indigestible food matter and transport of waste. While it does store waste materials (option A), this is secondary to its critical role in extracting water to prevent dehydration. Digestion completes in the small intestine.