Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following function is not performed by blood?

  1. Protection against infections.

  2. Regulation of water balance in tissues.

  3. Regulation of body temperature

  4. Regulation of enzyme synthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Blood does not play any role in enzyme synthesis. It is responsible for transport of enzymes only.

Multiple choice

Which among the following is the main function of the placenta?

  1. The placenta nourishes the developing embryo by implementing a dialysis pattern for exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations.

  2. The placental barrier is highly permeable to glucose and amino acids.

  3. The PO2 of the blood of the umbilical vein in the developing embryo is the same as that in the maternal arterial blood.

  4. The estrogens secreted by the placenta during pregnancy decelerates.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Placenta is the first organ to develop when blastocyst embeds itself. Nutrients diffuse into the umbilical cord at the placenta that then pass through the ammnionic sac into the fetus. Thus, the placenta nourishes the developing embryo by the dialysis pattern.

Multiple choice

Which of the following functions is not performed by dietary fibre?

  1. It speeds up the transit of foods.

  2. It helps to absorb nutrients.

  3. It lowers blood cholesterol levels.

  4. It helps to retain water.

  5. It adds bulk to our food.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Water present in our body in the form of body fluids helps to absorb nutrients from the digested food. These nutrients are carried around the body by the blood in solution form.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of skeleton?

  1. To give shape to the body

  2. To give support to the body

  3. To protect body against infection

  4. To protect the body organs

  5. To help in movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immune system protects the body against infection. Skeletal system has no role in protecting body against infection. 

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. Hot air balloon uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air.
  2. Hypothalamus, present near the liver, balances body temperature.

Which of the given statements is/are true?

  1. Only (1)

  2. Only (2)

  3. Both (1) and (2)

  4. Neither (1) nor (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (1) is correct. Yes, the burner of hot air balloon uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air because it is a colourless, odourless and non-toxic gas. It is supplied commercially with an added odorant (usually ethylmercaptan) to assist detection by smell. Statement (2) is incorrect. Yes, hypothalamus balances body temperature, but it is present in brain. Hypothalamus is also called as 'balancing organ'.

Multiple choice

Example of negative feedback loop in animals is

  1. salivation of mouth at the sight of food

  2. secretion of sweat gland and constriction of skin blood vessels when it is too hot

  3. secretion of tears after any dust particle falls into the eye

  4. constriction of skin, blood vessels and skeletal muscles when it is too cold

  5. closing of eyelid on sudden exposure to intense light
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Negative feedback occurs when the result of a process influences the operation of the process itself in such a way so as to reduce changes. Negative feedback tends to make a system self-regulating, i.e. it can produce stability and reduce the effect of fluctuations. Negative feedback loops where just the right amount of correction is applied in the most timely manner. It can be very stable, accurate and responsive.

Multiple choice

What is the main function of T-cells?

  1. Lymphokine production and delayed hypersensitivity

  2. Antigen-antibody reaction (complement activation)

  3. Anaphylaxis (immediate hypersensitivity)

  4. Antibiotic production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

T-cells produce lymphokines, cytokines and induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Delayed hypersensitivity refers to appearance of reaction after 48-42 hours. It is medicated by T-lymphocytes. Delayed hypersensitivity is cell-mediated immunity.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. Python is the largest poisonous Indian snake.
  2. Vermiform appendix is a vestigal organ of humans.

Which of the given statements is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (1)

  2. Only (2)

  3. Both (1) and (2)

  4. Neither (1) nor (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(i) Statement (1) is incorrect. King cobra is the largest poisonous Indian snake.

(ii) Statement (2) is correct. The organs, which served a purpose in the distant ancestor of an organism, which are no longer functional in the presently existing organisms, are called vestigial organs. Vermiform appendix is a vestigal organ of humans.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are the function(s) of the hypothalamus?

  1. It regulates the anterior pituitary gland

  2. It regulates eating and drinking behaviour

  3. It generates and regulates circadian rhythms

  4. Only 1 and 3

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Hypothalamus is located in the forebrain and regulates the anterior pituitary gland, eating and drinking behaviour and circadian rhythms.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not the function of lacrimal fluid?

  1. Taking the main nutrients to the cornea

  2. Carrying waste products away from the cornea

  3. Carrying melanin pigment to the cornea

  4. Helping to prevent corneal infection

  5. Maintaining the tonicity of the tear film
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The lacrimal glands secrete lacrimal fluid, which flows through the main excretory ducts into the space between the eyeball and lids. The brown or black pigment, melanin, present in melanocytes of the iris of the eye is not carried by the lacrimal fluid. So, this is not done by lacrimal fluid.

Multiple choice

What is the infection of Zeis gland called?

  1. Hordeolum

  2. Chalazion

  3. Blepharitis

  4. Ectropion

  5. Ablepharia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hordeolum or styes is an infection of the sebaceous glands of zeis usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It is characterized by an acute onset of symptoms, and it looks like a red bump placed underneath the eyelid. The main symptoms of styes include pain, redness of the eyelid and sometimes swollen eyelids.