Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

All the following muscles are attached to the oblique line of thyroid cartilage except

  1. sternothyroid

  2. cricothyroid

  3. superior constrictor

  4. inferior constrictor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Superior constrictor is inserted into the median raphe, being also prolonged by means of an aponeurosis to the pharyngeal spine on the basilar part of the occipital bone.Sternothyroid arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni inferior to the origin of sternohyoid and from the posterior edge of the cartilage of the first rib. It is attached above to the ablique line on the thyroid cartilage, where it delineates the upward extent of the thyroid gland. 

Multiple choice

The infrahyoid muscles are supplied by

  1. vagus nerve

  2. cervical plexus

  3. branchial plexus

  4. supraclavicular nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the upper four cervical nerves and supplies some neck muscles and the diaphragm and areas of skin on the head, neck and chest.

Multiple choice

Infraorbital nerve exits through

  1. foramen ovale

  2. foramen spinosum

  3. foramen magnum

  4. inferior orbital fissure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The inferior orbital fissure connects the orbit with the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. It transmits the infraorbital and zygomatic branches of the maxillary nerve and accompanying vessels, orbital rami from the pterygopalatine ganglion and a connection between the inferior ophthalmic vein and pterygoid venous plexus.

Multiple choice

Afferent component of corneal reflex is mediated by

  1. vagus nerve

  2. facial nerve

  3. trigeminal nerve

  4. glossopharyngeal nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Afferent fibres of cornea pass through trigeminal nerve while efferent come by facial nerve.

  1. The afferent component of corneal reflex is mediated through the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V nerve).
  2. The efferent component is mediated through the facial nerve (VII nerve).
Multiple choice

Mylohyoid nerve is a branch of

  1. main trunk of mandibular nerve

  2. ophthalmic nerve

  3. maxillary nerve

  4. inferior alveolar nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The mylohyoid nerve branches from the inferior alveolar nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve, the third part of the trigeminal nerve) just before it enters the mandibular foramen. It descends in a groove on the deep surface of the ramus of the mandible, and reaching the under surface of the mylohyoid muscle, it supplies both the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastrics muscle.

Multiple choice

Gonial angle at birth is

  1. 110o

  2. 140o

  3. 175o

  4. 200o
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gonial is very high in children: 130o in fetus and 140o at birth, and it progressively decreases in the growth period.

Multiple choice

The following statements concerning chorda tympani nerve are true, except that it

  1. carries secretomotor fibres to submandibular gland

  2. joins lingual nerve infratemporal fossa

  3. is a branch of facial nerve

  4. contains postganglionic parasympathetic fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It contains efferent preganglionic parasympathetic (secretomotor) fibres which enter the submandibular ganglion, from which postganglionic fibres are relayed to submandibular and sublingual glands.

Multiple choice

Ptosis is due to the damage of

  1. occulomotor nerve

  2. abducens nerve

  3. trochlear nerve

  4. facial nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lesions of the sympathetic supply result in the drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), as seen in Horner’s syndrome.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statement is false?

  1. Sometimes, urine may contain certain excess vitamins.

  2. Glomerular filtration occurs under pressure on the blood as a result of systolic pressure of the heart.

  3. A diuretic increases the amount of urine.

  4. Harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the kidney.

  5. Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salt, glucose, and white blood corpuscles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is false, harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the liver.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pair is correct?

  1. Liver - stimulated by light

  2. Ova - haploid cells

  3. Alveoli - basic unit of the brain

  4. Cochlea - diffusion of gases

  5. Grana - part of the sclera
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This pair is correct. Haploid cells are responsible for the production of ova.

Multiple choice

The function of Sertoli cells is ________.

  1. to transport the sperms

  2. to provide nutrition to the germ cells

  3. to synthesise and secrete testicular hormones

  4. sperm formation

  5. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue.

  2. Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together.

  3. Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells.

  4. Adhering junctions facilitate rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes big molecules between adjoining cells.

  5. Blood is a connective tissue.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together.