Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

Thrombolysis is the breakdown of blood clots formed in the heart by pharmacological means, and is commonly known as clot busting. Which among the following enzymes can be modified genetically to function as clot buster?

  1. Proteases

  2. Amylases

  3. Rennet

  4. Lactases

  5. Streptokinase

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Streptokinase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator or TPA) is an enzyme obtained from the cultures of some haemolytic bacterium Streptococcus and modified genetically to function as clot buster. It has fibrinolytic effect. Therefore, it helps in clearing blood clots inside the blood vessels through dissolution of intravascular fibrin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a function of adrenaline?

  1. Secreting gastric juice

  2. Increasing the heart rate and blood pressure

  3. Reducing blood sugar level

  4. Helping in spermatogenesis

  5. NA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenaline is an emergency hormone secreted by adrenal glands.

Multiple choice

Which type of cell is allegedly infected by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis?

  1. Germ cells

  2. Transitional epithelial cells

  3. Columnar epithelial cells

  4. Renal tubular cells

  5. Endothelial cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gonococci and the elementary body form of chlamydia enter the body by attaching to nonciliated columnar epithelial cells. Remember that infection by gonococci leads to LPS-mediated cytotoxic events on adjacent cells, causing surface damage and allowing for easier access to infection by other organisms such as chlamydia.

Multiple choice

Which among the following disorders causes discolouration of the fingers?

  1. Rasmussen's encephalitis

  2. Raynaud's phenomenon

  3. Relapsing polychondritis

  4. Reiter's Syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Raynaud's phenomenon is a vasospastic disorder causing discolouration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas. This condition can also cause nails to become brittle with longitudinal ridges.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an infection of the prostate gland in human beings?

  1. Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions

  2. Actinomycosis

  3. Acute prostatitis

  4. Annual ryegrass toxicity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Acute prostatitis is a serious bacterial infection of the prostate gland. This infection is a medical emergency. It should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

Multiple choice

The human body contains the maximum amount of

  1. Plasma

  2. Cytoplasma

  3. Water

  4. Proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Water constitutes about 60% of the adult human body by weight, varying from 55-75% depending on factors like age, gender, and body composition. Plasma is part of blood, cytoplasm is within cells (mostly water), and proteins are macromolecules. Water is the single largest component, essential for all physiological processes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following options is the function of chromosome in a cell?

  1. It separates the contents of the cells from the surrounding medium.

  2. It contains organelles, which control and coordinate the activities of our body.

  3. It carries genes and helps in inheritance of characters from parents to offspring.

  4. It is helpful in the formation of the cell wall.

  5. It helps in protein synthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chromosomes are found in necleus of a cell. They carry genes and help in inheritance of characters from parents to offspring.

Multiple choice

Which among the following is not a function of the cell wall?

  1. Controlling turgor pressure

  2. Passage of substances

  3. Cell signaling

  4. Communication with other cells

  5. Carbohydrate storage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The protein molecules in the cell membrane receive signals from other cells or the outside environment and convert the signals to messages, that are passed to the organelles inside the cell.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following functions is not performed by blood?

  1. To transport nutrients to various parts of the body

  2. To fight against infection

  3. To carry oxygen to various parts of the body

  4. To help form clot
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Blood is the fluid tissue which transports oxygen and nutrients to various parts of body. Platelets in blood also help in blood clotting during any cut or wound. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which is a respiratory pigment and WBC fights against infections.

Therefore, statement (2) is incorrect. Thus, it is the correct answer.