Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

What happens in pre-functional state of development?

  1. Newborn becomes an adult

  2. Adult performs all metabolic functions to remain alive

  3. Adult reproduces individuals of its kind

  4. The size of embryo increases

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The size of embryo increases in pre-functional state of development

Multiple choice

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with carboxypeptidase?

  1. Blood clotting

  2. Insulin biosynthesis

  3. Oxygen binding

  4. Growth factor production

  5. Wound healing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Myoglobin is an iron and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. It is related to haemoglobin, which is the iron and oxygen-binding protein in blood, specifically in the red blood cells.

Multiple choice

_______ is the heaviest organ in our body.

  1. Liver

  2. Pancreas

  3. Skin

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The skin is indeed the heaviest organ in the human body, weighing approximately 4-5 kg (9-11 lbs) in adults. It's also the largest organ by surface area, covering about 2 square meters. The liver is the second heaviest internal organ at 1.5 kg, but the skin's total mass makes it the heaviest overall.

Multiple choice

Match the following: A. BCG Vaccine I. Malaria B. BPL Vaccine II. Store throat C. Chloroquin III. Tuberculosis D. Penicillin IV. Rabies

  1. III-A, IV-B, I-C, II-D

  2. III-A, IV-B, II-C, I-D

  3. IV-A, III-B, II-C, I-D

  4. IV-A, III-B, I-C, II-D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The correct matching is: BCG Vaccine - Tuberculosis (III-A), BPL Vaccine - Rabies (IV-B), Chloroquin - Malaria (I-C), Penicillin - Sore throat (II-D, though penicillin treats bacterial infections broadly). This gives III-A, IV-B, I-C, II-D.

Multiple choice

In human body which among the following is largest in size?

  1. Thyroid

  2. Liver

  3. Pancreas

  4. Spleen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The liver is the largest internal organ and largest gland in the human body, weighing approximately 1.5 kg. The thyroid is much smaller, while the pancreas and spleen are also considerably smaller than the liver.

Multiple choice

Two functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum are to

  1. modify and activate hormones

  2. join with and hydrolyze food vacuoles

  3. detoxify and transport drugs

  4. synthesize and transport enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it its 'rough' appearance. These ribosomes synthesize proteins (including enzymes), which the rough ER then transports to the Golgi apparatus. Smooth ER detoxifies drugs, not rough ER.

Multiple choice

Directions: For this question, select the best of the answer choices given.

It is well known that human tears often serve to moisten the eye, protect it from infection, and wash away irritants; such tears are called irritant or reflex tears. Dr. Field hypothesizes that emotional tears have a different biological function. She suggests that by shedding tears when under emotional stress people excrete harmful chemicals that build up in such body fluids as blood serum during emotional stress. Each of the following, if true, provides some support for Dr. Field's hypothesis EXCEPT:

  1. The people most likely to cry when undergoing emotional stress are less likely to suffer from stress-related diseases than is the population at large.

  2. If a local anesthetic is applied to the surface of the eye, irritant and reflex tears are inhibited, but emotional tears are not.

  3. The chemical composition of tears that are induced by grit in the eye is identical to the composition of tears induced by emotional stress.

  4. The concentration of a substance that the body produces only under conditions of emotional stress is thirty times greater in tears than in blood serum.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

C is correct because if emotional tears and irritant tears (from grit) have identical chemical composition, this suggests emotional tears are NOT biologically different or special, which weakens the hypothesis that emotional tears have a unique function of excreting stress chemicals. A supports the hypothesis by showing criers have fewer stress-related diseases. B supports it by showing emotional tears are biologically different from irritant tears. D strongly supports the hypothesis by showing stress-related substances are concentrated in tears at much higher levels than in blood serum, supporting the excretion theory.

Multiple choice

What is the main function of hepatic veins?

  1. To drain de-oxygenated blood from liver

  2. To drain blood from gallbladder

  3. To conduct the blood from gastrointestinal track and spleen to liver

  4. To drain blood from yolk sac

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatic veins are the blood vessels that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver.

Multiple choice

Anitschkow cells are not found in

  1. aphthous ulcer

  2. sickle cell anemia

  3. iron deficiency anemia

  4. pemphigus

  5. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer because anitschkow cells are not found in pemphigus.