Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,062 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

Chief function of HCl is ________

  1. To maintain a low pH to promote growth of microorganism

  2. To facilitate absorption

  3. To maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin

  4. To dissolve enzyme secreted in stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The chief function of HCl in the stomatch is to maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin. HCl converts inactive pepsinogen into the active pepsin enzyme. The pepsin helps in the breaking down proteins in the stomach. HCl also kills bacteria that enter the stomach. It also helps in digestion of  other foods in the stomach.

Thus, the correct answer is 'To maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.'

Multiple choice biology transport in plant transport of water and minerals conduction of water and minerals absorption of water and minerals in plants

Death of protoplasm is a pre-requisite for a vital function like

  1. Transport of sap

  2. Transport of food

  3. Absorption of water

  4. Gaseous exchange
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hollow space is needed to allow water to pass. Hence the cells have to be empty thus dead for that. As water gets transported to the upper part of the plant, more water is absorbed.

So, the correct option is 'Absorption of water'
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Thymus gland has a role in 

  1. $Na^+$ $K^+$ balance

  2. Immune system

  3. Maintaining glucose level
  4. Maintaining $Ca^{2+}$ level
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Thymus gland is a lobular gland present on dorsal side of heart. It is associated with the development of immune system. It contains lymphoid tissue that plays an important role in proliferation and maturation of T-lymphocytes. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes which are associated with cell mediated immunity. Thymosin also promotes formation of antibodies for humoral immunity. It also controls resistance to infection and formation of lymphocytes. Thymus gland degenerates with age resulting in decreased production of thymosin. That's why older people have weak immunity. 
So, the correct answer is 'Immune system'.
Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

What is the function of nerve cells?

  1. Nerve cells receive messages from different parts of the body.

  2. Nerves transfer the messages to the brain.

  3. Brain send commands for the functioning of different organs of the body via nerves.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nerve cells carry out different function as, to receive the message from within or outside of the body, to transfer the messages from body part to the brain, to carry the signal from the brain to different parts of the body. Thus nerve cell helps the brain in control and coordination of the body.
Therefore, option D is correct. 

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents functions and principal sources of lipids chemical organization in living beings lipids

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following function does the lipid bilayer component of the cell membrane not provide for the cell?

  1. Controls the exchange of matter and chemical information between one cell and adjacent cells or the environment

  2. Provides an impermeable, self-sealing membrane capable of dividing or fusing the cell without breaking

  3. Provides the matrix into which proteins are inserted that facilitate the exchange of matter between the inside and outside of the cell

  4. Clearly defines a boundary preventing an equilibrium between the outside and inside of the cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane does not completely isolate the cell from its surrounding instead, it is a semipermeable membrane with pores and receptors that allows a selective exchange of material and information between the environment inside and the outside the cell.
So, the correct answer is 'Provides an impermeable, self-sealing membrane capable of dividing or fusing the cell without breaking'.
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

The function of root cap is to

  1. Protect the root tip

  2. Protect the root hairs

  3. Cover the root

  4. Growth of the root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • At the terminal region of the root tip is a cup-like or a thimble-like structure called the root cap which is formed from calyptrogen (specialized internal meristematic cells).
  • It is also known as calyptra.
  • It contains statocytes which help in gravity perception in plants that help in the growth of root towards the soil.
  • The root apex is protected by this root cap as it penetrates into the soil.
The root cap is formed by a specialized internal meristematic which is part of the histogen and is called calyptrogen
So, the correct answer is 'Protect the root tip'
Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency general functions of food nutrition and its need in plants nutrition and its need

Nutrition is important because

  1. It provides nourishment

  2. It keeps cell alive

  3. Both A and B

  4. It provides genetic information
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nutrition, nourishment or aliment, is the supply of materials - food - required by organisms and cells to stay alive. In science and human medicine, nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods. Nutrition also focuses on how diseases, conditions and problems can be prevented or lessened with a healthy diet. 

Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency general functions of food nutrition and its need in plants nutrition and its need

Why nutrition is necessity for an organism? 

  1. It provides energy for the various metabolic processes in the body.

  2. It is essential for the growth of new cells and repair or replacement of worn out cells.

  3. It is needed to develop resistance against various diseases.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, nutrition is a necessity for an organism. nutrition is the process of obtaining and utilizing food for survival. It is required for the following purposes-
(a) It provides energy for the various metabolic processes in the body.
(b) It is essential for the growth of new cells and repair or replacement of worn out cells.
(c) It is needed to develop resistance against various diseases.

(d) it provides substrate for energy production which is utilized in the different life process for survival.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology our health introduction to health and disease health and its failure health and its significance

Health regulates the level of .......... efficiency of living organisms.

  1. Regulatory

  2. Metabolic

  3. Strength

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Health is the ability of an individual to adjust according to the social and environmental conditions. A healthy person has a high metabolic rate as compared to an unhealthy person. The fluctuation in the metabolic rate causes disease.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

The main function of white blood cells is

  1. To help red blood cells in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

  2. To clot the blood at the time of injuries.

  3. To accelerate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

  4. To defend the body against infections.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

White blood cells(WBCs) are the body's defense systems. They attack foreign bodies that invaded the blood or any part of the body. Foreign bodies like the bacteria, viruses and the fungi rendering them less invasive and even destroys them. They are cells involved in the “inflammatory” response. This response develops when tissue is damaged or invaded by microbes. Neutrophils specialize is killing bacteria. Eosinophils kill parasites. Monocytes control inflammation by releasing cytokines. Lymphocytes recognize and destroy cells infected by viruses or transplanted foreign cells. 

So, the correct option is 'To defend the body against infections'

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

Function of pineal gland is to 

  1. Control sexual behaviour

  2. Regulate period of puberty

  3. Lighter skin colour

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Pineal gland is a small, stalked and rounded gland present on the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin hormone which regulates many important functions in the body like circadian rhythm of the body, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature etc. It also regulates pigmentation and control sexual behaviour. Melatonin also influences menstrual cycle. In man, at the time of puberty, pineal gland starts to get calcified and the calcium deposits are known as brain sand. Thus, it also regulate puberty period.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

The function of pineal body is to.

  1. Lighten the skin colour

  2. Control sexual behaviour

  3. Regulate the period of puberty

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pineal body is a very small, reddish-grey, vascular, conical, solid body located in the brain. It secretes a hormone named melatonin. Melatonin concentrates pigment granules in the melanocytes, making the skin colour lighter in certain animals. It also regulates the functioning of gonads, thus, controls, sexual behaviour and regulates the period of puberty.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

The function of IgE is

  1. Mediate in allergic response

  2. Activation of B-cells

  3. Protection from inhaled and ingested pathogen

  4. Stimulation of complement system, passive immunity to foetus

  5. present on lymphocytes surface as receptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that has only been found in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. It plays an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, rhinitis etc. It also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as anaphylactic drugs, bee stings, and antigen preparations used in desensitization immunotherapy.

So, the correct answer is 'Mediate in allergic response'.